Present Perfect Tense

Date: the 26th of July

Teacher: Victoria Hood

Focus: Reading
Time length: 60 Minutes

Class Level: Low Intermediate

Age group: Middle school – GENERAL ENGLISH
Number of students: 17 students

Objective:

Comprehending and mastering Present Perfect Tense in speaking and writing

Potential Student Misunderstandings:

The confusion may occur among students: Does Present Perfect describe past action or present? The difference in usage: Past Simple/Present Perfect. Why is the auxiliary verb have/has in Present Perfect but did in Past Simple? What is the past participle? Students can forget regular/irregular verbs.

Materials:

Worksheets, ppt presentation

Timing

5 minutes: Warm-up

Describe the activity:

Teacher: Good afternoon, guys!

Students: Good afternoon.

Teacher: Before we start our new topic, let’s talk about you: What did you do yesterday? As for me, I read a book yesterday. So, what about you, Robert?

Robert: I watched TV yesterday.

Teacher: Great! Mila, and you?

Mila: I cooked food and cleaned my room yesterday.

Teacher: Excellent! Alex?
Alex: I runned in the park yesterday.

Teacher: Runned? “ED”? Are you sure?

Roma: Oh, no, I ran yesterday.

Teacher: Good! Why we can’t just say “runned”? What’s wrong with it? Who knows?

(Ivan rises his hand)

Teacher: Ivan?

Ivan: It’s an irregular verb.

Teacher: And what should we do with it in Past Simple? Alice?

Alice: We should choose Past Simple form, run – ran, get – got etc.

Teacher: Well-done, guys! Don’t forget about the irregular verbs, please! Who else wants to share their last night activities? (Anna rises her hand)

Teacher: Please, Anna! What did you do last night?

Anna: I hang out with friends last night.

Teacher: Oh, that sounds great! Eva, could you ask Anna about her last evening?

Eva: All right. Where did you go with your friends?

Anna: We went to a cafe and then to the cinema.

Teacher: Great! Thank you, girls! Guys, you know how to use Past Simple. Well done!

1 minute: Introduction

Introduce the objective:
Teacher: So, to sum it up: we use Past Simple to express a completed past action. Your examples, guys, are great! But what do you think, is it the only one way to express the past action in English? Of course, not! And today we are going to talk about the Present Perfect. (the topic is on the board now)
Yes, it’s called “present”, but it’s rather about past. This is the one of the ways to express past actions.

15 minutes: Presentation

Direct Instructions

Modeling & Think-Alouds:

Teacher: Now look at your worksheets. We are going to read this article. Rob, read, please, the heading of this article. (Worksheet 1/Slide 1 on the screen)

Rob: Lessons for life.
Teacher: Thank you, Rob. What is this article about, guys?
Masha rises her hand.
Teacher: Yes, Masha, please.
Masha: I think, the article is about an accident.
Teacher: Any other ideas?
Students don’t rise their hands.
Teacher: Alright! Let’s read the article now. Ivan, start, please.
Ivan is reading the first passage.
Teacher: Mila, continue, please.
Mila is reading the second passage.
Teacher: Thank you, Mila. Katya, finish reading this article, please.
Katya is reading the article till the end.

Teacher: Thank you, Katya! Now, please, let’s check how well you’ve understood the text. Let’s do the activity after the text (Worksheet 1/Slide 2 on the screen). I give you 3 minutes. If you have any questions, please, raise your hand.
Students are doing the task.
Teacher: Time is up. Let’s check.
One by one students are giving their answers.
Teacher: Wonderful, guys! I am very happy that you’ve understood the text so well. Tell me, have you ever been in such situation?
Robert rises his hand.
Teacher: Robert, please.
Robert: No, I haven’t WAS in such situation, but now I understand how important it is to know the first aid.
Teacher: Thank you, Robert! It’s better to say “I haven’t BEEN in such situation”. Now, let’s see why this is the correct way. Let’s have a look at these two sentences from the text: I’ve wanted to learn about the first aid. I have been even more interested.
Teacher underlined I’ve wanted and I have been on the screen.

Teacher: Tell me, please, these two actions happened in the past?

Everyone: Yes.
Teacher: Are these sentences about possessions?
Everyone: No!

Teacher: Great! There is no possession meaning in these sentences. Nevertheless, we have “have” here. This is Present Perfect. Guys, what auxiliary verb do we need to form Present Perfect? Masha?
Masha: Have!
Teacher: Great! We use have with I, you, we, they. Which form so we use with he, she it? Misha?
Misha: Has!
Teacher: Wonderful! Thank you, guys!
Teacher is writing on the whiteboard: Subject + have/has+ …
Teacher: What about “wanted” and “been”? What are these forms? Robert?
Robert: I know only “wanted”. It is Past Simple. But I don’t know “been”.
Teacher: Everyone, please, let’s open a table of irregular verbs in the end of your course book. Find, please, the form “been” there.
(Masha rises her hand).
Teacher: Masha, please.
Masha: I can see “be-was/were- been”.
Teacher: Great! This is the past participle. We need this form of the irregular verbs to make Present Perfect.
Teacher is writing on the board “…past participle”.
Teacher: So, this is our rule: Subject+have/has+past participle.
Let’s open our copybooks and write this down, please.
Everyone opens the copybooks and writes it down.
Teacher: Great! Now let’s try to understand why if we talk about past actions, we call te tense Present Perfect. Let’s look at the sentence “I’ve wanted to learn about the first aid for a long time.
Teacher highlights “for” in the sentence – what does it mean?

Robert: It means “a period of time”?

Teacher: Yes, and sometimes we can meet such words in sentences (already/ just/yet/ever etc)

So, we use Present Perfect to talk about the action that has JUST happened.
So, let’s write it down:

Present Perfect - the action, that happened recently (just, for example) or the action, which result is seen at the moment of speech (already, for example).

(Students are writing it down)
Teacher: So, it is important for us to understand that when we want to use Present Perfect, there always has to be the connection with the Present situation.
Let’s have a look at this sentence again: Since the accident, I’ve been even more interested.
Tell me, please, where is Present Perfect? Ivan, please.
Ivan: I’ve been.
Teacher: Great. I have a question now to you, guys. Is the author interested in learning now?
Everyone: Yes.
Teacher: Everyone sees the connection with the present?
Everyone: Yes.
The author started being interested in the past? How can we understand this? Any ideas? Masha?
Masha: Since the accident?
Teacher: Yes! This part shows us that our action – I’ve been interested- started in the past and has the connection with the present.
That is why we need to use Present Perfect.

Teacher: You should also know, that there’re short forms, which we can use especially in spoken English. For example:

I have been = I’ve been (on the screen)

He has been =He’s been (on the screen)

Slide 2 is on the screen
Teacher: We have learnt how to make affirmative sentences, but there’re also negative and interrogative sentences, so let’s look at the screen, please.

Mark, read please.
Mark: I have not lived in Germany.
Teacher: Thank you, Mark. So, how do we make a negative sentence in Present Perfect? Mila?
Mila: We add “not”.
Teacher: Well done! Let’s write down the structure for the negative sentence: Subject+ have/has not + past participle.

(Students are taking notes).

Teacher writes on the board: He has been to France.
Who can change the affirmative sentence into the negative one? Timur?
Timur: He has not been to France.
Teacher: Great! Now let’s talk about interrogative. What do we usually do to make an interrogative sentence? Mila>

Mila: We change an order of words or use auxiliary verb.

Teacher: Yes, Mila, it’s right. And in Present Perfect we should only change word order.

So, let’s look at the screen, please.

“Have you lived in Germany”?

So, let’s write down the scheme of an interrogative sentence and an example:

“Have/has + subject + past participle?”

Check for Understanding:

So, guys, listen, please: “I went to the seaside last summer.” Is it Present Perfect?

Students: No, because there's "went", but there are no "has" or "have".

Teacher: Well-done! And what about this one - is the word order correct in it?

Have you called me?

Students: Yes!

Teacher: OK. Now look at this sentence and tell me - did an action finish in the past?

She has just watched new series.

Students: Yes.

Teacher: And what about this one?

She has studied German since 2020.

Students: Now, she continues to study.

Teacher: All right! Tell me now, please, is this a correct sentence?

Paul didn't have passed his exam yet.

Students: No, the correct is "Paul hasn't passed".

Teacher: Super!

20 minutes: Practice

Guided practice

Structured Activity:

Now we’re going to practice making affirmative, interrogative and negative sentences in Present Perfect. Please, take Worksheet 2/Slide 5,6. You work individually and have 10 minutes.

(The teacher’s monitoring students’ work)

Teacher: So, the time is up, let’s check it together now. Mila, could you start, please?

(Students read their sentences)

Semi-structured Activity:

Teacher: OK, guys, you did a great job. Look at the screen again, please.

Now you should compare Present Perfect and Past Simple. You should open the table of irregular verbs on the final page to do it correctly. Work in your Worksheet 3. You work by yourself and have 5 minutes.

If you need my assistance, just raise your hand.

(Students are working individually, the teacher’s helping them by demand).

Teacher: Now, let’s check this exercise. Robert, could you come to the whiteboard and write the first sentence, please?

(Student’s coming to the whiteboard and scribing their answers)

Checks for Understanding:

If the teacher understands that students have difficulties, the teacher uses extra questions and additional explanations.

12 minutes: Practice

Independent practice
Unstructured Activity:

Teacher: You have done a great job!

Now we’re going to work in pairs. There’re 17 of you, so, Masha, could you work by yourself this time, OK? And Mila could you work with Robert today? Thank you.

You should make a short dialog with 3 parts: question, negative answer + question, affirmative answer. You can check the info on slide 8. Look at the example, please.

Question: Have you already been in Scotland?

Negative: No, I haven’t. But I’m still going to visit it one day. Question: What about you? Have you ever been in the UK?

Affirmative: Yes, I have. I have visited it. I was there in 2020.
If you need my help, just raise your hand.

(The teacher’s monitoring the students’ work).

Teacher: Now, let’s check the results. Who wants to start? Timur and Yaroslav, could you?

Timur and Yaroslav:

Have you already played this board game?

No, I haven’t. What about you? Have you played?

Oh, I haven’t played yet, because I have been busy with my homework.

Teacher: Great, guys. Who’s next?

(Robert and Mila raise their hands)

Teacher: Okay, please.

Robert and Mila:

Have you ever visited Paris?

Oh, I haven’t. What about you? Have you already been there?

Yes, I have! It is amazing!

Teacher: Well-done, guys, great job. Masha, what about you? Are you ready?

Masha:

Hi, has Alex already come from his trip?

No, he hasn’t. He is going to come back in a week.
Teacher: You did well!

(They’re continuing checking dialogues. If someone has a problem, the teacher asks another pair to fix their dialog. The teacher corrects mistakes and cheering students up).

4 minutes: Evaluation:

Describe the End-of-Lesson Assessment:

Worksheet 4 true or false about Present Perfect

Teacher: Do you have any questions about Present Perfect, guys?

(no one asks a question)

Well, guys, now I’m giving you these worksheets (worksheet 4), it’s a true or false task, which we know very well, so, please, do it now. Don’t feel any pressure, I’m not going to put grades for it. It’s just for me to understand how well you know the Present Perfect after our lesson with you.

Worksheet 4: True or false?

1. Present Perfect is often about action happened in the past.

2.Present Perfect affirmative sentence begins with “Have/has”.

3. Present Perfect needs Past Participle form for irregular verbs.

4. Present Perfect can show relevance of something that happened in the past.

5. Present Perfect needs auxiliary “had” word in every sentence.

1 minute: Homework: Guys, now about your homework. Please, do Worksheet 5 at home. It is due on Friday! You have to fill in the gaps in sentences using either Present Perfect or Past Simple. (slide 10)

2 minutes: Exit ticket (slide 11)
Guys, before you leave, create a sentence (any sentence you would like) using Present Perfect and hand it in. You can use these ideas: a place you have worked or studied, something you have done, a place where you have lived or visited etc.

Teacher: Thank you, everyone for your work today! It’s been a bog pleasure as always to work with you! Enjoy the rest of your day and see you on Friday.