Бинарный урок «Творчество Уильяма Шекспира»

Творчество Уильяма Шекспира. Сонеты

23 апреля 1564 года – 23 апреля 1616 года Stratford – upon – Avon – Стратфорд на Эйвоне to receive education – получать образование to return – возвращаться until his death – до смерти

Where and when was W. Shakespeare born? Где и когда родился У. Шекспир?

Did he receive a good education at the Stratford grammar school? Он получил хорошее образование в школе?

At what age did he marry? В каком возрасте он женился?

What kind of difficulties was he in when he lived in London? С какими трудностями он столкнулся, когда жил в Лондоне?

Till what time did Shakespeare live at “New Place”? До какого времени он жил в “New Place”?

Most of Shakespeare’s plays are well -known all over the world, aren’t they? Большинство пьес Шекспира известны во всём мире, не так ли?

How many sonnets did Shakespeare write? Сколько всего сонетов написал Шекспир?

“To be or not to be?” – Быть или не быть? “What’s in a name?” – что в имени тебе моём? “Love all, trust a few, do wrong to none.” – Люби всех, доверяй немногим, не обижай никого. “A fool thinks himself to be wise, but a wise man knows himself to be a fool.” – Дурак считает себя мудрым, но мудрый человек знает себя дураком.  “All the world's a stage…” – Весь мир - театр.  “God has given you one face, and you make yourself another.” – Бог дал вам одно лицо, а вы рисуете себе другое.

In a rich literary heritage, left to us by Shakespeare, sonnets have a special place. In the 90-s of the XVI century sonnet becomes the most common form of poetry in England. The first mention of Shakespeare’s sonnets we find in Meres’ works. He says about “sweet sonnets of Shakespeare which are famous among his personal friends. Shakespeare’s sonnets were published only at the beginning of XVII century, in 1609.

A lot of efforts were spent to combine his 154 sonnets in one unit. Although the whole book of sonnets was written by Shakespeare, he didn’t write them according to the particular plan. They were poems “on occasion”, response to what happened to him, his friend, his sweetheart. They represent a lyrical diary with some problems in his notes as well as usual diaries. The origin of some sonnets is connected with strained relation ship, between his sweetheart and him, the others were written in his thoughtful hours and it is not difficult to guess that many of them are associated with real occasions.

But the main content of the sonnets is the theme of love and friendship. There are much more sonnets devoted to his friend than poems about his sweetheart, and it distinguishes Shakespeare’s sonnets from all other sonnet cycles in the poetry of European Renaissance. Image of a sweetheart contrasts sharply with image of a friend is the embodiment of all possible perfections, she is not a perfect lady. And here is sonnet 18 devoted to the friend.

During the Renaissance in England sonnet was looked upon as a great poetic form. The theme of the sonnet is replaced by a counter theme and both of them find the final synthesis at the end of the sonnet. All this must be put in exactly fourteen lines.

The theme of sonnet 130 – beauty of the beloved is inperfect. A counter theme – a sweetheart in contrast to the fictional “goddesses”, really exists: “This sonnet is hymn to real beauty. It is a feature of Shakespeare’s sonnets. Besides each of them has its qwn melody. Every sonnet of Shakespeare, – Samuel Marshak said, – is a piece of music. In my sonnets I try to keep the style of writing of the poet.”

“Sonnets are museum exhibits. many years later they express human feelings freshfully and truly” – Marshak wrote. As example of it is sonnet 90. The words of this sonnet were the basis of the song which Alla Pugachjova sang in the 80-s.

Sonnets are the only lyrical work of Shakespeare reached our time. In his plays he is mixed with his characters and does not talk about himself. In his sonnets he tells about his personal feelings and experiences. That’s why, reading the sonnets, we always return to our thoughts about Shakespeare as a man.