VECTOR GRAPHICS IN DESIGN

VECTOR GRAPHICS IN DESIGN

In the modern life we are surrounded by various elements of design. We can see it in the street, in the cafes, at school and at work. I get the profession of graphic designer and my future main activity is to create a visually comfortable environment for people. The foundation of all graphic design is the vector graphics. All products that go through the printing stage can only be realized with helping of vector graphics. But a few people know and understand how exactly works the vector graphics. The mathematical ideas about the properties of geometric shapes are in the base of vector graphics.

My research is considered what the vector graphics is and also is found out the advantages and disadvantages. Why is the vector graphics better than the raster graphics. Also it needs to explore how to format a bitmap image in a vector. This will be an interesting experience that will support me in my profession. In my practical work I will be able to create a product by myself that will be aesthetically beautiful. It is the first thing that a graphic designer should be able to do.

The aim of my research is creating an engraving using vector graphics in Inkscape.

The tasks of the research:

1. To systematize knowledge of vector graphics;

2. To study the types and elements of Bézier curves;

3. To consider the use of vector graphics in laser production;

4. To develop and realize the prototype.

The Object of research is the graphic design.

The Subject of research is the vector graphics.

The Hypothesis: it is supposed that with the knowledges of vector graphics it is possible to create a product.

A bitmap image is an image that is a grid of pixels or dots of color on a computer monitor, paper and other display devices and materials.

The peculiarity of a bitmap image is that it, like a mosaic, is composed of small pieces - pixels. Raster graphics are created with cameras, scanners, directly in a raster editor, also by exporting from a vector editor or in the form of screenshots.

Vector Graphics - is the use of geometric primitives such as points, lines, splines and polygons, to images in computer graphics. The term is used in contrast to bitmap graphics, which presents images as a matrix of pixels (points). Vector Graphics describes images using straight and curved lines, called vectors, as well as settings that describe colors and locations. When you edit vector graphics elements, you change the settings for straight and curved lines that describe the shape of the elements. You can move elements, change their size, shape and color, but it won't affect the quality of their appearance. It can be displayed in a variety of output devices with different resolutions without loss of quality.

Raster image:

Advantages: transfers color change-flowing, shades, shadows very clearly and subtly.

Disadvantages: loss of quality when zoomed in. The picture is spread into color squares (pixels); in high resolution it takes up a lot of space.

The sphere of application: photo processing, creation of site layouts, and creation of graphical objects with a large color palette.

Vector image:

Advantages: easy to scale - image does not lose quality even at very high zoom.

Disadvantages: you can not express smooth color transitions, as in raster.

Applications: printing, design of leaflets, booklets, promotional materials, business cards, logos, etc.

Conclusion: the difference between raster and vector graphics are used in absolutely different areas, the convenience directly depends on your task. Both types of graphics require specific skills and knowledge. It is easier to master bitmap, because the range of possibilities it has more, vector graphics is used for narrow purposes and tasks.

Third-order curves correspond to those lines that we can observe in nature, so they are used as the main objects of vector graphics. Drawing a third-order curve according to the given coefficients of its equation is a tedious task. A special kind of third-order curves - Bezier curves - are used in vector graphics.

Practical part.

Vector Graphics can be used not only in graphic design, but also in industrial design. I will create an engraving in the program InkScape. In this program you can vectorize a raster image. In fact, vector graphics translates a pixel grid into a set of commands, numbers, and formulas. It is very important to choose a good quality image, because errors are possible. That is, the vectorization algorithm may not read the grid correctly and we will not get the result we wanted.

As a result of my project-research work, I have found out how vector graphics can be used in real life.

My task was to learn what Bézier curves are made of, how they are constructed in mathematics, why vector graphics are better than bitmap graphics for design, and to try to make something myself. Objectives accomplished, goal accomplished.

In the end, I made a general conclusion - vector graphics an important tool of any designer. Although it is one of the most difficult topics, but the result is worth it, to expand their capabilities in the profession.

References

1. https://studopedia.su/10_155767_matematicheskie-osnovi-vektornoy-grafiki.html

2. https://pomax.github.io/bezierinfo/#introduction

3. https://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/m_src/bezier_surface/bezier_surface.html

4. https://www.evkova.org/referaty/vektornaya-grafika

5. https://foxford.ru/wiki/informatika/rastrovaya-grafika