Дополнительная лексика по английскому языку при прохождении темы «Спорт» (8 класс)
PLACES FOR VARIOUS SPORTS
Here is a summary of the words used for those places where various sports take place.
Field
a large, flat, grass-covered area for:
football — football field
Rugby — rugby field
cricket — cricket field
hockey — hockey field
rounders, athletics} playing/games/sports field.
Playing-/games/sports field is used of a field for two or more of any of the above sports.
Pitch
the area marked out on the field for a particular game, and within which the game takes place. There may be several pitches, for the same or different games, on a large field.
Football/rugby/cricket/hockey/rounders pitch.
Ground
an enclosed area for particular game, including the field (with pitches/courts), stands (трибуны), changing rooms, etc,
football ground
rugby ground
cricket ground
Note that these are specialized, for one sport only,not like a stadium (see below).
There are some "sports-grounds", or "recreation grounds", with facilities for various sports, but these are for playing rather than watching, and generally have no stands.
Stadium
a large sports-ground where special matches are played.
As far as it has been possible to ascertain, there is only one stadium in England: Wembley Stadium. This is because there are specialized grounds for each sport.
An Olympic stadium is built for each Olympic Games,
Track — for races
running track
race track
for car and motor-cycle racing, dog racing
greyhound/dog track.
Court
an area marked out, and often enclosed, for:
tennis — tennis court, grass/hard court
net-ball — net-ball court
basket-ball — basket-ball court.
Course
race-course
for horse-racing, and sometimes for motor and motor-cycle racing too
golt-course.
Links
golf-links
an alternative to "golf-course".
Rink ice-rink
for ice skating. The most common name,
skating-rink
for ice skating, or sometimes roller-skating, although in that case it is clearer to use "roller skating-rink".
Pool/baths
swimming-pool/baths
Gymnasium (pi. gymnasiums)
usually abbreviated to "gym". For gymnastics.
"Sports hall" is not used.
SPORTSMEN AND TEAMS
As mentioned at the beginning of this article (see Part I, No. 4), "sportsman/woman" is used less often than спортсмен (ка). Instead English people use "player", in the case of games, or words specifying the type of sport, for example, "skier", "skater".
Words denoting sportsmen are generally formed by adding the suffix "-er" to the name of sport: boxer, cricketer, driver, footballer, golfer, jumper (high jumper, long jumper), rider, runner, skater, skier, swimmer, wrestler.
Note, however, that "jockey" is used in horse-racing.
In some cases, however, there is no form with
"-er," and "player" is aded:
basket-ball player, hockey player, ice-hockey
player, net-ball player, rugby player, tennis
player.
In a few cases the stem is modified: athlete, cyclist, gymnast.
"Team" is used in the following expressions:
school/college/university team
team, representing the school, etc.
If there is more than one team representing the institution, "first/second team" may be used, the first being the best. (See also "first eleven" at the end of this section.)
national team — сборная команда
team representing a country, consisting of the best players. "Combined team" is not used in this sence, and is not clear out of context.
England team — сборная Англии
team representing England
English team
This may mean the same as "England team", that is, one consisting of the best players in England, or simply any team of Englishmen.
British team
team representing the whole of Britain
French/German/ Russian team, etc.
In the case of foreign countries only the adjectival form is used. It usually, although not necessarily, means сборная команда.
Olympic team
team representing a country in the Olympic Games.
* * *
"Play for" is often used in the sense of "represent", "be in the team".
e. g. a) He plays (football) for the/his school/university. . b) He plays for Manchester United. Here "football" is implied by the use of a well-known football team.
c) He used to play (cricket) for Warwickshire/England. Other verbs, such as "jump", "ride", "run", "swim", may be used with "for" in the same way.
e.g. a) He has been selected to run for Britain in the Olympics.
b) She swims for the university. Note: At Oxford and Cambridge those students who represent their university in some sport are awarded "a blue", that is, the right to wear a blue cap and scarf (dark blue for Oxford, light blue for Cambridge). This gives considerable social status. "Blue" occurs in such sentences: He won/pot his blue. It may also denote a person who has won a blue: He was a cricket blue wneii ne was in Uxjord.
Cardinal numbers, corresponding to the number of players, are sometimes used in the sense of ''team".
e. g. a) He's in the first eleven.
(Meaning he's in the first cricket team of his
school/university, etc.)
b) The England fifteen were beaten by Wales yesterday. (Speaking of rugby.)
SCORES AND RESULTS
"Scores" is used as a noun and as a verb.
As a noun it is used as follows:
a) — What's the score?
— Three two (to England).
The score was three two at half-time. Note that "hall-time" means half-way through the match, and corresponds to перерыв. Первый/второй тайм is "first/second half".
It's their highest score this season. As a verb:
Matthews scored a goal in the second half.
Petrova scored five points for Russia in the women's high jump.
Graveney scored fifty-six runs. (A "run" is a point in cricket.)
Results are expressed in the following way: Of a football match:
Manchester United beat Birmingham City by three goals to one (formal style). Manchester United beat Birmingham City three one (semi-formal, informal style).
Manchester won by three goals to one (formal style).
Manchester won three one (semi-formal, infor-fal style).
c) Birmingham lost (to Manchester) by three
goals to one (formal style).
Birmingham lost (to Manchester) three one (semi-formal, informal style).
Birmingham were defeated by Manchester by three goals to one (formal style). Birmingham were beaten by Manchester three one (semi-format, informal style).
Manchester won/lost by two goals, e. g. 4—2, 3—1, 7—5.
Birmingham lost/won three nil (3—0).
Birmingham and Manchester drew (three all).
h) The game/match ended in a draw (formal
style).
It was a draw (informal style).
Of a figure-skating competition:
i) Ivanov and Petrova won with a total score
of ... points.
Ivanov and Petrova won by ... points. In a race:
j) Graham Pegg won/lost by 6 seconds. Graham Pegg beat John Davis by 6 seconds.
FANS. SUPPORTERS
"Fan" is used of someone who is very keen on a particular sport (болельщик).
e. g. a) He's a football fan.
I'm not an ice-hockey fan.
Thousands of fans travelled to Wembley to see the match.
"Supporter" is often, although not always, used instead of "fan" with reference to a particular team, as opposed to a particular sport. e. g. a) I'm an Arsenal supporter.
He's a Dynamo supporter.
The team were loudly cheered by their supporters.
"Support" is also used in the sense of болеть (за):
e. g. a) — Who do you support? — (The) Arsenal, b) I support Dynamo.
Translating мастер спорта
In Britain there is no special award for sportsmen comparable to мастер спорта. However, outstanding sportsmen may be awarded one of the honours to which people of any profession are eligible, for example, a knighthood.
Мастер спорта should therefore be translated literally, as Master of Sport, bearing in mind that this needs an explanation for English people
5
