Справочный материал на тему "Active tenses and sequence of tenses"

Present

Past

Future

Future in the Past

Simple

V ,V ( s)

every day, usually, from time to time,

every year, seldom

I often go to the cinema.

V (II)

yesterday, last time, last year, a week ago, the other day, in 1995, often, usually, when?

Yesterday I met my old friend.

will + V

tomorrow, next time, next year, in a week

I will write to him tomorrow.

would + V

He said he would write to us as soon as he got to London.

Continuous

be + V ing

at this moment, now

I am writing a letter now.

was + V ing

at that time yesterday, at 5 o'clock ,while, when he came

At that time yesterday I was watching TV.

will + be + V ing

tomorrow at this time, this time next Monday

I will be waiting for you at exactly ten.

would + be + V ing

He said he would be waiting for you at exactly ten.

Perfect

have + V (III)

today, this week (month, year), already, never, yet, recently, since, just, lately

I have seen a lot of new films lately.

had + V (III)

by 5 o'clock last Monday, by the end of…, when (before) he came, no sooner… than, hardly….when.

A lot of people had visited the exhibition by the end of the month.

will + have + V (III)

by this time next Monday,

as soon as he comes

I will have read this book by the end of the week.

would + have + V (III)

They said they would have written all the documents by this time next week.

Perfect Continuous

have been + V ing

since then, for an hour already, for a long time, all my life

How long…..?

Since when….?

I have been living in this town all my life.

had been + V ing

since, for two years

He said, he had been looking through the mail since morning.

will + have been + V ing

In January he will have been teaching at school for 20 years.

would + have been + V ing

He said he would have been working for an hour by this time next week.

Direct speech

Reported speech

Present Simple

I like music.

Past Simple

He said he liked music.

Present Continuous

Is it raining?

Past Continuous

He asked if it was raining.

Past Simple

He didn't recognize me.

Past Perfect

He said he hadn’t recognized me.

Present Perfect

She has never been there.

Past Perfect

He said she had never been there.

Past Perfect

We hadn't met him before that day.

Past Perfect

They said they hadn't met him.

shall/ will

They will be late.

should/ would

I was afraid they would be late.

can/ may

I can swim.

could/ might

He thought she could swim.

would/ could/ might/ should

You could be wrong.

would/ could/ might/ should

He thought I could be wrong.

Must

We must go.

must/ had to

He said he must go.

She said she was disappointed. She told me she was disappointed.