«АНГЛИЦИЗМЫ В РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ: ИХ РОЛЬ И ПРИЧИНЫ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ»
Автор публикации: А. Маркина, ученица 7Г класса
Межрегиональная научно-практическая конференция учащихся
«Современная палитра языков и культур: взгляд молодых»
Секция: Лингвистика
Исследовательская работа
«АНГЛИЦИЗМЫ В РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ:
ИХ РОЛЬ И ПРИЧИНЫ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ»
Маркиной Арины,
обучающегося 7Г класса МАОУ «Гимназии №56»
Научный руководитель:
Кузнецова Ирина Геннадьевна,
учитель английского языка
Ижевск
2025
Plan.
Introduction.
The history of penetrating Anglicisms into the Russian language, relations between Russia and Great Britain.
Main reasons for Anglicism’s emergence.
Methods of formation of Anglicisms.
Slang as a source of language development.
Positive and negative influence of Anglicisms on the Russian language.
Conclusion - the significant role of Anglicisms in the Russian language. The importance of identity of the Russian language.
Introduction
Research problem:
The modern language situation is characterized by the active penetration of Anglicisms into the Russian language. However, it remains unclear how justified and useful this phenomenon is, what social and cultural factors contribute to this process, and how it affects the development of the native language.
Research objectives:
1. To determine what Anglicisms are and what their main characteristics are.
2. To identify the most common areas where Anglicisms are actively used.
3. To analyze the reasons for the active penetration of Anglicisms into the Russian language.
4. Find examples of Anglicisms and make tables of their classification.
5. To assess the positive and negative impact of Anglicisms on the Russian language.
6. To conduct a survey among peers to find out their attitude to the use of Anglicisms.
Hypothesis:
The active penetration of Anglicisms into the Russian language is due to globalization, the development of technology and cultural exchanges, but the excessive use of foreign words can lead to the impoverishment and distortion of the native language.
Research methods:
1. Theoretical analysis: study of literature and scientific works on the topic of borrowings in languages, features of Anglicisms and their influence on other languages.
2. Survey: conducting a questionnaire among classmates to identify the frequency of use of Anglicisms and attitudes towards them.
3. Statistical data processing: counting the frequency of occurrence of Anglicisms in various sources and analyzing the survey results.
The process of taking words from other languages has always been very natural in the development of any language, since a language is a very flexible system. According to the definition of the Ozhegov Dictionary of the Russian language, “Anglicism is a word or phrase in a language, borrowed from English or created on the model of an English word or expression”1. The aim of this essay is to research the role of English words in Russian language and find out the reasons of their emergence. The problem of penetration of Anglicisms into the Russian language has been very important for many decades and became especially urgent in recent years. Research shows that modern Russian language consists of 10% borrowed words, most of which are taken from English. It should be pointed out, that different people view this process in opposite ways. A significant part of the population understands that this is an integral part of the process of language development, that Anglicisms have entered many spheres of human life. On the contrary, other people believe that the language is becoming polluted with foreign words and suggest replacing them with native Russian words. Moreover, there is a large group of young people who admire foreign culture, consider the standard of living in other countries to be higher and better than in Russia. That is the reason why a huge amount of slang is used among teenagers and youth. They consider such words cool. They want to show off and express their superiority over others.
The history of penetrating Anglicisms into the Russian language, relations between Russia and Great Britain
First of all, it is worth considering the history of coming of Anglicisms into the Russian language. Several stages could be distinguished in relations of Russia and Britain which influenced this process. The beginning was laid in the 16th century, when the first English merchants arrived in Russia. The first people who widely used English words were Russian ambassadors at the British king's court, as well as specialists in the field of medicine, mining, shipbuilding, and military affairs. At that time, the words of measures, weights, and money were borrowed. The second period of active penetration of Anglicisms is associated with the reign of Peter the Great. He wanted to create a strong Russian state. That is why a lot of new reforms were carried out. As a result, there was an active interaction with other states, a great number of citizens of other countries were invited to serve in Russia. Besides that, education became an essential part of life. Foreign books became the main channel for the penetration of Anglicisms into the Russian language. The next stage is associated with the reforms of Catherine II in the second half of the 18th century. The translation society was established, the purpose of which was to translate foreign books. The fourth stage - the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century - the period before the revolution. There were revolutionaries who brought foreign words into the Russian language, exchanging opinions, ideas and studying foreign literature on this issue. After the revolution, during several decades, many new words from the English language came into the Russian language, such as jazz, service, film, tractor, combine, trolleybus, jumper, sweater. On the other hand, during Stalin's reign, the borrowing process was actively suppressed. Many foreign words were replaced by Russian ones, such as "halfback" was replaced by "полузащитник", "goalkeeper" - by the word "вратарь". Turning to more recent years, the rapid process of borrowing began with the invention of the processor and the development of new electronic technologies. Lots of words related to computer technology appeared in the Russian language. The reason is that it is better to take an existing word from another language than to invent a new one (Internet, laptop, disk, website). Most modern researchers point out several reasons for borrowing: the increased information exchange due to the Internet, the expansion of international relations, the development of the world market, participation in international festivals, foreign tourism, and the exchange of specialists. Another reason is the increase in the number of people who know English in Russia. (Application 1)
Main reasons for Anglicism’s emergence
The researchers name the following reasons for Anglicism’s emergence: firstly, the necessity to give a name to new objects or phenomena. Secondly, the need to differentiate fairly close, but different concepts. Thirdly, the tendency to combine two words into one.2 Next reason is the need to separate concepts for certain areas of activity. For example, political terms (Parliament, minister, referendum), economic terms (Freelance, boom, manager), sports terms (Match, football, snowboard, diving, timeout), terms related to technology (Computer, laptop, printer), names of professions (Producer, copywriter, logistician, marketer), terms of musical culture, mass culture (Jazz, image). (Application 2) Once more reason is the relevance, prestige, expressiveness of a foreign word. This is a tribute to fashion. According to some people, such words sound more attractive (shopping, rating, brain ring). Many companies take English names, attracting with the novelty of sound (Exel, Skyline). (Application 3)
Methods of formation of Anglicisms
How are borrowed words formed? All Anglicisms can be divided by the methods of formation.3 Direct borrowings came to the Russian language almost in the same form and with the same meaning as in English (weekend, teenager). Hybrids were formed by adding a Russian suffix, prefix and ending to a foreign root (бузить from the word busy, аскать from the word to ask). Calques are words that are used in our language with the same pronunciation and the same spelling. (football, disk). Exoticisms - these words do not exist in the Russian language, since they show the customs of other peoples (lady, speaker). Foreign inclusions - usually these words have synonyms, but differ from them, they give expressiveness to speech (okay, wow). Composites are words consisting of two English words (second-hand, hit - parade). Jargonisms are used only in certain circles of people. Their use sounds strange if the other person does not understand the meaning. (easy, crazy). (Application 4)
Slang as a source of language development
It is generally recognized that slang is also a source of language development. It is gradually entering official vocabulary. Words and expressions which used to be the feature of certain groups of the population began to appear in the Russian language. These words were understandable only to them, but gradually these expressions began to be used by a larger number of people. Nowadays, slang is an integral part of our lives. People have gotten used to it and sometimes do not even realize that certain words are not characteristic of the literary language. Sometimes we do not pay attention to where they appear in our lives from, what they mean. From the point of view of linguists, slang is a style of language that is opposite to extremely formal speech. Slang is an attempt to express yourself, to show that you belong to a team. Slang is an integral element of pop culture. Slang expressions, as a rule, are short-lived and are gradually either replaced by new fashionable words, or enter the literary language. The slang of each historical era reflects the features of the time. Interestingly, youth slang is its own practically closed linguistic system, which has very little effect on the language. Only a tiny part of youth slang passes into the "adult" language, and even then at the level of passive vocabulary. (Application 5)
Positive and negative influence of Anglicisms on the Russian language
Anglicisms influence the Russian language both positively and negatively. As it can be seen from previous examples of using English words they are quite appropriate in certain situations of speech, however, such a tendency should not lead to the clogging of the language with foreign words. It is impossible to do without Anglicisms in the modern world. With the development of technology, a large number of different things and terms appear and they need a name. New items appear and it would be possible to select a Russian phrase in order to express the meaning. But as a practice has shown, it is much easier to take a foreign name for a given phenomenon than to use an entire Russian-language sentence. These main reasons help the language to develop. If foreign words did not appear in the Russian language, everyone would speak the same way, the Russian language would become too monotonous. Taking into account the current political situation, sanctions and Russia's choice of its own path of further development, it can be assumed that the flow of borrowings into our speech will decrease. This process can also be facilitated by the policy of some media outlets, which have begun to reduce the use of Anglicisms in texts, trying, where possible and appropriate, to use Russian analogues. It should be taken into account that it is impossible to stop the processes of interlingual influence in the modern world. Cultures interact and the information space is not limited by the territory of the country. Without doubt, excessive, inappropriate use of Anglicisms is unacceptable. Nobody could deny it. However, prohibitions cannot correct the situation. It is necessary to organize scientific and educational work, the purpose of which is to cultivate linguistic taste. The youth should see and understand the beauty of Russian language, culture and literature and be proud of their nationality and country.
Poll.
1. How do you understand the term "Anglicisms"?
A) These are borrowings from the English language.
B) These are words that came from France.
C) These are obsolete words of the Russian language.
2. Do you often use words that came from English in your speech?
A) Yes, quite often.
B) Sometimes I use them when there are no familiar Russian equivalents.
C) Rarely, I try to use Russian equivalents.
3. Which of the following words are Anglicisms?
A) Second-hand
B) Hobby
C) Exclusive
D) Okay
D) Business
4. Why, in your opinion, have Anglicisms become popular in the Russian language?
A) Because English is very widespread now.
B) Because of the fashion for Western culture.
C) English terms are simpler and shorter than Russian equivalents.
D) All of the above are true.
5. Are there any cases when you consider the use of Anglicisms inappropriate or incorrect?
A) I always consider it appropriate.
B) Only when there is an exact Russian equivalent.
C) Often irritating, better to use native words.
6. In what areas are Anglicisms most common?
A) Music and cinema
B) Sports
C) Technology
D) All of the above
7. What is the role of Anglicisms in our society today?
A) They enrich the language with new concepts.
B) They make speech less understandable for the older generation.
C) They help to adapt faster to new technologies and trends.
D) They can displace traditional Russian words.
8. What good and bad do you see in the use of Anglicisms?
A) Good - they make speech modern and international.
B) Bad - they destroy the purity of the Russian language.
C) Both good and bad at the same time.
9. Do you think the number of Anglicisms will increase in the future?
A) More likely yes than no.
B) No, everything will come to a balance.
C) It's hard to say for sure.
10. What is your personal attitude towards the use of Anglicisms?
A) I have a positive attitude, it's convenient.
B) Neutral, the main thing is that it's understandable.
C) Negative, it's better to speak pure Russian.
Poll analysis.
32 Pupils of grades 7-11 took part in the survey.
To the question How do you understand the term "Anglicisms"? the overwhelming majority answered that these are borrowings from the English language.
To the question Do you often use words that came from English in your speech? many of students answered that they often use them in their speech or when there is no corresponding word in the Russian language.
To the request to recognize Anglicisms, almost all of the respondents answered that these words are Anglicisms.
To the question why Anglicisms have become popular in the Russian language, more than half of the respondents believe that all of the given reasons play a role: English is very widespread now, the fashion for Western culture, English terms are simpler and shorter than Russian equivalents.
To the question Are there any cases when you consider the use of Anglicisms inappropriate or incorrect? almost all answered that it is only when there is an exact Russian equivalent.
To the question In what areas are Anglicisms most common? just more than half answered that in all mentioned spheres, many of pupils noted music and cinema, as well as technology.
To the question What is the role of Anglicisms in our society today? A bit less than half of the respondents answered that they enrich the language with new concepts. Almost the same number believe they help to adapt faster to new technologies and trends but they can displace traditional Russian words.
The overwhelming majority of respondents believe that there are good and bad features, answering the question What good and bad do you see in the use of Anglicisms?
All students believe that the number of Anglicisms will increase in the future.
When asked about their personal attitude to Anglicisms, the majority indicated a neutral attitude towards them.
Based on the results of the survey, it can be concluded that students understand what Anglicisms are, that they often use them, but do not abuse them. They see the reason for borrowings in the fact that English is widely spoken and believe that the Russian language is enriched with these words, especially in connection with the development of new technologies, which will further lead to an increase of Anglicisms in the Russian language.
Conclusion
In conclusion, having studied the problem of English borrowings in the Russian language, it can be noted that the role of Anglicisms in the Russian language is very significant. It is a natural process, reflecting economic, political, cultural, social ties and relationships of Russia with other countries, the process of integration. Language is a living, changing phenomenon. There are certain rules and laws of development of every language. It is impossible to do anything to stop this movement. However, in the pursuit of everything foreign, in the desire to copy Western models, we are losing our originality and identity, including language, because it reflects the way of life and way of thinking. As a result, an interest in the native language, Russian literature and culture is being lost, a decrease in literacy and linguistic and general culture are observed among young people. I am strongly convinced that Russian people must take care of their native language and culture and avoid foreign words where it is possible. It is the language of great Russian poets and writers and we must preserve it and transfer it to future generations.
A list of literature.
Л. П. Крысин. «Иноязычные слова в современном русском языке».
М. А. Брейтер. «Англицизмы в русском языке: история и перспективы : Пособие для иностр. студентов-русистов»
С.И. Ожегов «Толковый словарь русского языка»(2014)
Туленкова, П. П. Англицизмы в русском языке / П. П. Туленкова, Г. Н. Мухамедьянова. —Молодой ученый. — 2022. — № 16 (411). — С. 503-506. — URL: https://moluch.ru/archive/411/90569/
Шекурова Светлана Анатольевна,учитель русского языка и литературы. Исследовательская работа на тему «Англицизмы в современном русском языке» https://multiurok.ru/files/anglitsizmy-v-russkom-iazyke.html
Колотилова Полина Сергеевна Англицизмы: необходимость или дань моде? Статьи журнала АИ #22 (152) https://apni.ru/article/6411-anglitsizmi-neobkhodimost-ili-dan-mode
Щепанова Инесса Валериевна «Англицизмы в русском языке» Методическая разработка (9–11 класс) https://xn--j1ahfl.xn--p1ai/library/anglitcizmi_v_russkom_yazike_232440.html
Кондрашева Екатерина Владимировна «Англицизмы: причины заимствования и особенности их влияния на современный русский язык» Эпоха науки № 30 - Июнь 2022 г http://eraofscience.com/EofS/2022/30iyun/3054.pdf
Черкасская Евгения Николаевна, ученица 9 «А» класса, Краснодарский край, Тимашевский район, г. Тимашевск, МБОУ СОШ № 5 Руководитель: Мезенцева Светлана Владимировна Исследовательский проект:«Англицизмы в русском языке».
Приложение 1
Англицизмы по периодам заимствования.
16 век | время правления Петра 1 (1682-1725) | 20-е гг. XIX в - Правление Екатерины II | Конец 19 -начало 20 веков | Конец 20-21 веков |
Первые контакты в области кораблестроения, торговли, горного, военного дела, политических взаимоотношений | заимствований из различных областей быта, торговли, наук | учреждение переводческого с целью перевода иностранных, в том числе английских книг, деятельность Эдинбургского салона Е. Дашковой, формирование российского научного, профессорского контингента | Революционные идеи, развитие промышленности | Развитие информационных технологий, тесные международные отношения, развитие мирового туризма |
ерль (earl), лорд (Lord), алдраман (aldennan), лорд трезер (Lord Treasurer), чuфджестес (Chief Justice), лорд кипер (Lord Кеерег) фунт, шиллинг, сэр, мистер | «архитектура( «правильное строение всего на земле и море»), «абшит» («отставка, указ об отставке»), «амнистия» («забытое погрешение»), «адмиралство» («собрание правителей и учредителей флота»), комендант («хранитель градский»), губернатор и вице-губернатор, сенатор, асессор, прокурор, полицмейстер, министр, маклер, префект, канцлер, директор, бухгалтер, аудитор, администратор, полиция, «респект» (почтение), «инструкции» (наказы), «мемориалы» (доношения), «резолюция» (решение), «дипломы» (жалованные грамоты). Слова, изменившие свое значение с тех пор: «кондуктор» в ту пору значило «помощник военного инженера»; «мультипликация» — умножение (арифметическое действие), «диссертация» объяснялось как «разглагольствие», «бухгалтер» — «книгодержатель», «амбицио» — гордость, желание чести. | «бизнесмен» (businessman), «спикер» (speaker), «менеджер» (manager), «оппозиция» (opposition), «дистрибьютор» (distributor), «прайс-лист» (price list), «фитнес» (fitness), «футбол» (football), «баскетбол» (basketball), «волейбол» (volleyball), «дайвинг» (diving), «голкипер» (goalkeeper), «кардио» (cardio) | 1900-1920гг- boom - бум, boycott - бойкот, film - фильм, lawn-tennis - лаун-теннис, ragtime - рэгтайм, stand - стенд, jazz - джаз, dancing - дансинг, service - сервис, doker - докер, sweater – свитер, 1920-1930- combine – комбайн, container - контейнер, tanker - танкер, trowler - траулер, tгolley-bus - троллейбус, jumper - джемпер, demping - демпинг, cocktail - коктейль, pick-up - пикоп, detektor - детектор, conveyor – конвейер, 1930-50гг-бульдозер, грейпфрут, аллергия, бойлер, гандбол, офис 1960-1970гг- бестселлер, комикс, лобби, супермен, бармен, вестерн, -стриптиз, твист, мюзикхолл, рок-н-ролл, поп-арт, хэппенинг, джин, гэмблинг, акваланг, круиз, шорты, аутсайдер, бадминтон, бикини, битник, дизайнер, компьютер, лазер, секс, хула-хуп. 1970-1980гг- импичмент, истэблишмент, консенсус, менеджмент, панк, свинг, фифти-фифти, фломастер, акселерация, сериал, сингл, диск-жокей, хит-парад, аэробика, виндсерфинг, виндсерфер, скейтборд, рок-группа | «браузер» (browser), «хакер» (hacker), «дисплей» (display), еда и напитки – «коктейль» (cocktail), «сэндвич» (sandwich), «фаст-фуд» (fast food), «йогурт» (yogurt), «гамбургер» (hamburger), «попкорн» (popcorn); путешествия и туризм – «чартер» (charter/charter flight), «ол инклюзив» (all-inclusive), «хостел» (hostel), «кингсайз» (king-size bed); сфера искусства и обучения – «видеоклип» (video clip), «триллер» (thriller), «бестселлер» (bestseller), «блокбастер» (blockbuster), «кастинг» (casting), «колледж» (college), «сертификат» (certificate); сфера моды – «фэшн шоу» (fashion show), «боты» (boots), «унисекс» (unisex), «шорты» (shorts), (маркетинг, холдинг, кастинг, боулинг, лизинг |
Приложение 2
Сферы деятельности
Политика | Экономика | спорт | техника | профессии | Массовая культура | косметология |
Парламент, министр, референдум, праймериз, спичрайтер, «бизнесмен» (businessman), «спикер» (speaker), «менеджер» (manager), «оппозиция» (opposition) | Фриланс, бум, менеджер, бартер, брокер, ваучер, дилер, инвестор | Матч, футбол, сноуборд, дайвинг, таймаут, банжди-джампинг, бобслей, дайвинг, джоггинг, аут, брейк-поинт, офсайд, снитч, геймер, фан, бейсбол, гольф, сёрфинг, сноубординг, фол, нокаут | Компьютер, ноутбук, принтер, e-mail, интернет, диск, байт, сайт, аудиобук, пауэрбук; органайзер, пейджер, таймер, плоттер, сканер, тюнер, монитор, броузеринг | broker – брокер security – секъюрити, охрана provider – провайдер realtor – риэлтор producer – продюсер hostess – хостесс animator – аниматор designer – дизайнер merchandiser – мерчендайзер promoter – промоутер copywriter – копирайтер marketer – маркетолог auditor – аудитор broker – брокер logist – логист dealer – дилер | remake – римэйк image – имидж, образ poster – постер, плакат hit – хит jazz – джаз crossword – кроссворд GreenPeace – Грин Пис talk-show – ток-шоу meeting – митинг, собрание, встреча present – призент, подарок superstar – суперстар, суперзвезда boyfriend – бойфренд, парень fashionable – фешенебельный, модный | мейкап / make up — макияж, консилер / conсealer — карандаш-корректор, пиллинг / pealing-cream — крем, убирающий верхний слой кожи, лифтинг-крем / lifting-cream — крем, подтягивающий кожу, вейниш-крем / vanish-cream — крем, убирающий капиллярные сетки. |
Приложение 3
Причины заимствований
Отсутствие наименования | вытеснили ранее освоенные или исконно русские языковые единицы | Дань моде | Экспрессивность новизны | заменение русского описательного оборота одним словом |
топ-модель, виртуальный, инвестор, спонсор, спрей, принтер, картридж, файл, сайт, провайдер, сервер, монитор, модем, immobilizer / «иммобилайзер» — автомобильная сигнализация, termopot / «термопот» — термос и чайник в одном, memory stick / «мемори стик» — функция видеокамеры. | прайс-лист (вместо прейскурант), имидж (вместо образ) | презентация, рейтинг, ток-шоу, Неудачник- лузер, веселая вечеринка – пати, молодогй человек или девушка – бойфренд или гелфренд | Названия фирм Exel, Skyline | секонд-хенд -«одежда, бывшая в употреблении», инаугурация — церемония вступления в должность президента страны, шоу-рум — выставочный зал для показа образцов товаров, тинэйджер — подросток (юноша или девушка) от 13 до 18 лет, квиз — радио или теле игра в вопросы и ответы, снайпер — вместо «меткий стрелок», мотель — вместо «гостиница для автотуристов» |
Приложение 4
Английские заимствования по способам заимствования
Прямые заимствования | Гибриды | Кальки | Экзотизмы | Иностранные вкрапления | Композиты | Жаргонизмы |
weekend – выходные (уикенд), money – деньги, boyfriend – молодой человек, друг (бойфренд). | юзать (to use – использовать), спикать (to speak – говорить), коннектиться (to connect - cоединяться), бузить (busy – беспокойный, суетливый) | Футбол, диск, банк данных, белые воротнички, пакет предложений, сверхдержава: меню, пароль, вирус, клуб, видео, факс, сейф, пикник | Леди, спикер, бестселлер, комикс, лобби, супермен, бармен, вестерн, -стриптиз, твист, мюзикхолл, рок-н-ролл, поп-арт, хэппенинг, джин, гэмблинг, акваланг, круиз, шорты, аутсайдер, бадминтон, бикини, битник, дизайнер, компьютер, лазер, секс, хула-хуп | Окей, вау | second-hand (секонд-хэнд) – магазин, торгующий товарами, бывшими в употреблении, blockbuster (блок бастер) – популярный остросюжетный фильм, основанный на боевых действиях, hit-parade (хит-парад). | Изи, крейзи, Клёвый от clever, аскер – спрашивающий на форуме бэкстейдж – закулисье, кулуары дедлайн – крайний срок лавер – любовник лузер – неудачник органайзер – обувные полки пост – интернет-запись спикер – выступающий, докладчик, оратор трафик – дорожное движение фанат – болельщик, поклонник френдлента – дружеская подписка хафбек – полузащитник |
Приложение 5
Молодежный сленг
школьная | Компьютерная сфера | Выражения чувства | Предметы, вещи | Названия людей, профессий |
"инглиш"- перенос из жаргона школьников от "English" - - "холидей" - от "holiday" - каникулы ("В моей жизни все ОК, скоро будет холидей") | - "маус" - от "mouse" - компьютерная - "комп" - от "computer" - компьютер - "дивидишник" - от "DVD-player" - DVD плейер - "юзер" - (англ. "user") - по-русски "компьютерный пользователь", "пользователь"; "Массмедиа" - (англ 'Mass Media" ) - по-русски "СМИ" (средства массовой информации) | "френд, френдиться" - от "friend" - друг, дружить, респект – respect - уважение | "боты" - от "boot" - обувь, туфли ("Столько ботов, а бутиться не во что"); - "фейс" - от "face" - лицо ("На уроке главное - фейсом в грязь не упасть"); - "имидж" - (англ. "image") - по-русски "образ"; Например: ("Она создала себе имидж делового человека". "Целью любой организации является создание в глазах потребителя позитивного имиджа". ) - "мейкап" - (англ. "make-up" - внешний вид, облик) - по-русски "макияж", "внешний вид"; Например: "Как известно, большую часть времени, которое женщина тратит на мейкап, она проводит в раздумьях". - "постер" - (англ. "poster") -по-русски "плакат"; Например: "Она развесила постеры с изображениями ее любимых актеров по всей комнате. Не комната, а картинная галерея!" - "уикэнд" - (англ. "weekend") - по-русски "конец недели; выходные"; Например: "Дети провели незабываемый уикенд на природе рядом с озером". - "фешенебельный" - (англ. "fashionable") - по-русски "модный". Например: "Аврора заверила какие-то бумаги и нас повезли в "Геру" - самый фешенебельный местный ресторан". [Сергей Довлатов, "Заповедник", 1983 г] - "хоррор" - (англ. "horror") - по-русски "фильм ужасов", "ужастик"; Например: "Хэллоуин - знаменитый независимый хоррор фильм Джона Карпентера". - "хотдог" - (англ. 'hotdog") - по-русски "сосиска в тесте"; Например: "В столовой университета часто продают хотдоги". - "пазл" - (англ. puzzle - головоломка) - по-русски "ребус, головоломка"; Например: "Моя младшая сестра обожает собирать пазлы. Она просто ас в этом деле!" - "миллениум" - (англ. "Millennium") - по-русски "тысячелетие"; Например: "Наше поколение вошло в новый миллениум". - "шоп" - (англ. "shop") - по-русски "магазин"; - "шопинг" - процесс похода по магазинам; Например: "Женская депрессия легко лечится походом в шоп (шопингом)". - "ресепшн" - (англ. "reception" - прием, встреча) - по-русски "администрация, приемная, информационная"; - "хенд-мейд" - (англ. "hand-made") - по-русски "рукотворное, ручной работы"; Например: "Мы предлагаем вам окунуться в мир хэндмэйд, полюбоваться на готовые вышивки, авторские куклы и многое другое". Чизкейк «Cheesecake». – творожное пирожное. Пример: «Когда мы с папой ходили в кафе, мы заказали по чашке кофе и два чизкейка. | "мазер-фазер" - от "father", "mother" - мама, папа ("Нужно к приходу мазера-фазера прибраться"). - "бойфренд" - (англ. "boyfriend") - по-русски "возлюбленный, парень, дружок"; Например: "Она отвергла предложение руки и сердца своего бойфренда". - "менеджер" - (англ. "manager", "to manage" - руководить, управлять) - порусски "управляющий, руководитель начальник"; - "сел-менеждер" –( англ. sell- manager) по-русски "менеджер по продажам"; Например: "Сел-менеджер провел нас по торговому залу и показал продукцию фирмы". - "лузер" - (англ. "loser", 'to lose" - терять, проигрывать) - по-русски "неудачник"; Например: "На работе он полный лузер! Удивительно, что его еще не уволили". - "секьюрити" - (англ. "secure"- охранять, "security"- безопасность) - по-русски "охрана, охранник"; Пример: «У каждой знаменитости есть свой секьюрити.» Или: «Нас не пропустили на вечеринку, так как секьюрити был очень строгим».Например: "Подъезд нашего дома охраняет секьюрити баба Маша". - "ресепшионист" - ( англ. receptionist ) информатор, администратор; Например: "Ни один крупный торговый центр невозможно представить без ресепшиониста". - «Читер» («сheater») - жулик, мошенник. Например: «Петя настоящий читер, всегда умеет выкрутиться на контрольной.» - «Пикапер» (от Pick–up)– заводить случайные знакомства. |
Приложение 6
Poll. (32 students)
1. How do you understand the term "Anglicisms"?
A) These are borrowings from the English language.- 29
B) These are words that came from France.- 1
C) These are obsolete words of the Russian language.-2
2. Do you often use words that came from English in your speech?
A) Yes, quite often.-16
B) Sometimes I use them when there are no familiar Russian equivalents. - 14
C) Rarely, I try to use Russian equivalents.- 3
3. Which of the following words are Anglicisms?
A) Second-hand - 29
B) Hobby - 19
C) Exclusive -20
D) Okay -27
D) Business - 22
4. Why, in your opinion, Anglicisms have become popular in the Russian language?
A) Because English is very widespread now. - 10
B) Because of the fashion for Western culture. - 6
C) English terms are simpler and shorter than Russian equivalents. -4
D) All of the above are true. -17
5. Are there any cases when you consider the use of Anglicisms inappropriate or incorrect?
A) I always consider it appropriate. - 10
B) Only when there is an exact Russian equivalent. - 20
C) Often irritating, better to use native words. - 1
6. In what areas are Anglicisms most common?
A) Music and cinema -6
B) Sports- 1
C) Technology - 9
D) All of the above - 20
7. What is the role of Anglicisms in our society today?
A) They enrich the language with new concepts. - 20
B) They make speech less understandable for the older generation. - 3
C) They help to adapt faster to new technologies and trends. - 13
D) They can displace traditional Russian words. - 3
8. What good and bad do you see in the use of Anglicisms?
A) Good – they make speech modern and international.- 14
B) Bad – they destroy the purity of the Russian language. - 2
C) Both good and bad at the same time.- 16
9. Do you think the number of Anglicisms will increase in the future?
A) More likely yes than no. - 24
B) No, everything will come to a balance.- 3
C) It’s hard to say for sure.- 5
10. What is your personal attitude towards the use of Anglicisms?
A) I have a positive attitude, it’s convenient.-17
B) Neutral, the main thing is that it’s understandable.- 15
C) Negative, it’s better to speak pure Russian. -0
1С.И. Ожегов «Толковый словарь русского языка»(2014)
2 Л. П. Крысин. «Иноязычные слова в современном русском языке».
3 М. А. Брейтер. «Англицизмы в русском языке: история и перспективы : Пособие для иностр. студентов-русистов»
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Кияйкина Наталья Федоровна