The U.S. economic system

The U.S. economic system

The U.S. economic system occupies a central and leading position in the global economy, acting as a system-forming core. This place is determined by several key aspects:

1. Place by scale and influence: First.

The United States has the world's largest economy in terms of nominal GDP (about 25% of the world). The American consumer market is the main engine of global demand. Decisions of the Federal Reserve System (Fed) on interest rates affect financial conditions in all countries.

2. Place in the financial system: Center.

The US dollar is the main world reserve currency. It accounts for most of the international settlements, lending and reserves of central banks. Wall Street (NYSE, NASDAQ) is the epicenter of global financial markets.

3. Place in the technological way: Avant-garde.

The United States is a world leader in innovation and high technologies (IT, biotechnology, aerospace industry). Silicon Valley sets trends for the entire digital economy. This provides the United States with a competitive advantage and "intellectual rent".

4. Place in the development model: A sample of "Anglo-Saxon capitalism".

The United States represents a standard of a liberal market model with minimal state regulation (compared to Europe), a flexible labor market and an emphasis on finance. This model is opposed to the "socially oriented" European or "state-capitalist" Chinese.

However, this leadership is not absolute and faces challenges:

Growing competition: China is contesting the premacy in GDP (in PPP) and technology.

Internal imbalances: Colossal public debt, inequality and political polarization undermine the stability of the system.

Geoeconomic shifts: Deglobalization and regionalization processes create alternative centers of power.

Conclusion: The United States is at the top and center of the modern economic system, acting as its main architect, beneficiary and source of risk. Their economy remains a benchmark of market efficiency and innovation, but its monopoly position and internal stability are being increasingly tested. The future place of the United States will depend on their ability to adapt its mixed model to new global realities.

Mixed economy

A mixed economy is a universal model in which resources are distributed by both the market and the state. There are no countries with a clean planned or market system - all are in the spectrum between these poles, differing in balance.

Conditional types and examples:

1. Liberal mixed (USA, UK): Maximum market, minimum state regulation. A strong social sphere, but smaller than in Europe.

2. Social and market (Germany, Sweden): Market + strong state regulation + developed social state. Emphasis on equality and protection of workers.

3. State-capitalist (China, Singapore): Market mechanisms with the dominant role of the state in strategic industries and planning.

4. Resource-dependent mixed (Russia, Saudi Arabia): The market is combined with the hypertrophied role of the state, whose budget is highly dependent on raw material exports.

Russia's place in the system of mixed economies

Russia has a resource-oriented mixed economy with a strong state dominant and occupies a special, peripheral place in the world system.

Conclusion:

Russia occupies a unique and contradictory place in the system of mixed economies. This is a large, but not a leading economy, whose model is based on the state's control over commodity rents. Its position is the place of a resource supplier and a regional power, not a global technological or financial leader. Russia's future place depends on its ability to overcome commodity dependence, strengthen institutions and diversify the economy in the face of new geopolitical realities.