Тематический вариант ЕГЭ по теме "Health and fitness"

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. 

1. It actually can cause health problems.
2. It could deprive little children of their parents’ attention.
3. It has changed people’s habits for the worse.
4. This invention is especially harmful to the little children.
5. I think it is often misused by people.
6. All in all, it has worsened people’s diet.
7. It is simply a threat to our world.

A B C D E F
___________

Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A. Mary has lost a lot of weight recently.
B. Mary has changed some of her eating habits.
C. Mary’s coach is a professional dietitian.
D. Peter prefers having eggs for breakfast.
E. Mary thinks her regime didn’t bring any results.
F. Peter thinks it’s quite difficult for him to go to bed early.
G. Peter is not going to the gym the next day.

A B C D E F G
____________

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды 

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний. 

Чтение (заголовки)PNG / 1.47 Мб

A B C D E F G
____________

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений в таблицу.

Skip the sun, get a glow the healthy way 

Everyone at some point has wanted a “healthy glow,” whether it’s a must-have for summer, or a vacation, the thought of tan skin has crossed the minds of millions. If you are pale, it A_______________________. There is wild excitement when after a day in the sun your skin is tan, not burnt. Surely everyone is familiar with the famous conversation upon the realization that you got fried at the beach. Your friends reassure you with “Don’t worry it B_______________________.” It may all seem like fun and games at the time, but alarming new research C_______________________. Some tan-seekers do it the old-fashioned way, grab a towel and hit the pool or beach. Recently, millions of young girls D_______________________ instead. Regardless of how the tan is achieved, any change in skin coloring is evidence of skin cell damage. This can lead to cancer. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, melanoma, or skin cancer, among people aged 18 to 39 has risen dramatically. In the United States the number of skin cancer cases due to tanning, is higher than the number of lung cancer cases due to smoking. While it is true that being outside and active is great for your body and the sun does provide vitamin D, everyone’s health still needs protecting. However, it’s E_______________________, limit time spent in direct sunlight, between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., and wear sunscreen at all times. A fashionable option is the sun hat: both elegant and fun. Big floppy hats may seem ridiculous at first, but F_______________________. Another advice is to look into sunless tanners: They are cheap and in no way endanger the lives of users. So, fake it, don’t bake it!

1. takes a lot of time and effort to tan
2. have been turning to tanning beds
3. they are actually quite classy accessories
4. better to avoid indoor tanning
5. have inspired people to get their skin checked
6. will eventually turn into a tan
7. has taken the healthy out of healthy glow

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа

Chronic lack of sleep affects one in three British workers 

   One in three British workers suffers from poor sleep, research shows, with stress, computers and taking work home blamed for the lack of quality sleep. Some employees get fewer than five hours sleep a night, only one in seven feels completely refreshed when they wake and more women have poor shut-eye than men. The alarming findings emerged from a study of self-assessments completed by 38,784 staff working in the UK for firms such as telecoms firm, O2, drugs developer, Quintiles and medical technology manufacturer, Medtronic. 

   A third were dissatisfied with the amount and quality of their sleep, with 8.4% saying they were "very unhappy" with it, and another 24.4% describing themselves as "unhappy". When asked how they felt 30 minutes after getting up, only 15.5% said "refreshed". Of the others, 3.3% said they were "exhausted", 24% said "unrefreshed" and 57.2% were still "a little tired". 

   While experts say that everyone should ideally get seven to eight hours sleep a night, only 38.5% of the 38,784 respondents did so. More had between five and seven hours (45%), only a lucky 10% reported sleeping for eight to nine hours and one in 100 enjoyed more than nine hours. 

   When researchers combined those results to give each respondent an overall "sleep score" out of 100, some 33.8% got a mark of less than 30 – the lowest category. That means someone either has, or is at high risk of developing, a sleeping problem. "This research is telling us that a large number of working adults, one in three in the UK, has a sleeping problem," said Dr Tony Massey, medical director of Vielife, the health and productivity firm that carried out the assessments between 2009 and 2011. "A very concerning number of British workers get too little sleep." Britain is near the top of an international league table for lack of sleep. A Vielife study of 116,452 staff in America found that 23.4% scored poorly for sleep. 

   The extent of inadequate rest has prompted fears that many people are too tired to do their jobs properly, with some so sleep-deprived their brains are as confused as if they had consumed too much alcohol. 

   "Too few people practice sleep hygiene," said Massey. "That involves little things that people can do without professional help, like ensuring your room is dark and quiet, getting to bed at the same time every night – just like a two-year-old – reading a book, which is a proven relaxant, and not looking at bright screens, such as the TV or computer, for an hour before you go to bed as that will disturb your sleep." 

   The growing tendency for employees to do extra work in the evenings and at weekends, which may have risen in the recession, also seems to be linked to poor sleep. "More people are scrunching the golden hour before they go to sleep, and they are paying the price in that their sleep isn't refreshing and they end up in a vicious cycle of fatigue, poor productivity and then feeling that they have to do the same again the next day to compensate," said Massey. 

   The best guarantee of good quality shut-eye is to work five days a week and sleep seven to eight hours a night. Five-days-a-week staff had the best sleep score, while those getting seven to eight hours a night scored 72.7. 

"These are very worrying findings because lack of sleep is a risk factor for a whole range of serious health problems, such as stroke and heart disease," said Massey.

12. Which of the following is mentioned among the reasons for poorer sleep?
1) Work for telecom firms.
2) Consumption of drugs.
3) Work done at home.
4) Lack of communication. 

13. According to the research, just about … percent of people have the recommended number of sleeping hours.
1) Forty
2) Twenty
3) Thirty
4) Ten

14. Paragraph 4 stresses that …
1) the “sleep score” in Britain is relatively low.
2) many people in Britain are unaware of sleeping disorders.
3) the number of Britons who don’t get enough sleep is alarming. 

4) British workers get more sleep than American ones.

15. The inadequate nighttime rest of employees might result in …
1) brain damage.
2) inefficiency at work.
3) lack of job satisfaction.
4) problems with alcohol.

16. What does “sleep hygiene” NOT involve?
1) Professional help.
2) A darkened room.
3) A relaxing book.
4) Regular bedtime.

17. The phrase “vicious cycle” in paragraph 7 means …
1) a sudden wave of tiredness.
2) a course of everyday events.
3) a large amount of extra work.
4) a repetitive cycle of poor sleep consequences.

18. What, according to the article, is important for good quality sleep?
1) Higher productivity at work.
2) A five-day working week.
3) Five to seven hours of nighttime sleep.
4) Absence of health problems.


Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–24.

Memories

19. As people get older, the part of the brain responsible for helping record new memories becomes less efficient. New information ___ (HAVE) more difficulty getting in, but memories that were stored in the past do not disappear.
This is one of the reasons why elderly people often remember details about their youth but sometimes forget what they had for dinner the night before.

20. One lady said, “Things ___ (CHANGE) a lot since I retired. But I try to keep in touch by sharing life stories with others.

21. For example, I talk with friends about the plot of a book or a good movie. It makes me organize information and strengthens my memory. Isolation is the ___ (BAD) thing”.

Grey hair

22. Johnny noticed a change in his mother’s appearance. “Mommy, some of your hairs __________________ (TURN) grey. Why?” the curious child asked.
23. The mother tried to use this occasion to teach her child: “It is because of you, dear. Every bad action of (YOU) __________________ shows on my hair.”
24. The child replied innocently: “Now I know why my grandmother has only grey hair on her head.” Most children are __________________ (SMART) than adults think.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 25–29, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 25–29.

Why do we sleep? 

25. A recent study may have an answer to one of the greatest unsolved mysteries in science - what is the purpose of sleep? The work suggests it’s __________________ (REAL)  about making animals function more efficiently in their environments. 26. __________________ (SCIENCE) from the University of California, Los Angeles, conducted a study of the sleep times of a broad range of animals. They discovered much variation. 27. You may think it __________________ (POSSIBLE) but some migrating birds can fly non-stop for up to 90 hours. 28. Pythons and bats are among the longest __________________ (SLEEP) at over 18 hours a day. Human babies need 16 hours and their health and intellectual development depend on sleeping properly. 29. Most of us probably feel we need around eight hours sleep to function well. Some people have __________________ (DIFFICULT) in getting enough sleep and this may lead to serious health problems.

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30–36. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30–36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Searching for a New Programme 

A healthy lifestyle can vastly improve your well-being. This is a lifestyle designed for those who wish to feel more certain about their health and more in control of what the present and future will bring them in that important 30 ______ of existence. None of us wants to be sick. None of us enjoys the idea that we may become a medical statistic. This is a simple, easy-to-follow health-style that can enable you to get cards very much in your 31 ______. The doctors were fortunate enough to come into 32 ______ with a field of study that brought them to healing and well-being that they so desperately needed. They personally have 33 ______ thousands of people improve their health using only a small part of information. Many more people begin to improve their health now. Embracing the most current information from many health-related fields, the programme of healthy lifestyle gives you an understanding of the impact of exercise, breathing, sunshine, sleep and much more on your health. In order for this programme to work for you, you have to be willing to apply at least some part of it. Some change will be 34 ______. And as you make those first modest changes, you will get positive results that encourage you to do more. Changing is fun. And if you realize that your new healthy lifestyle 35 ______ the making of new habits, not the 36 ______ of old ones, you will feel very positive about what the future holds for you.

30. 1) sector 2) region 3) area 4) territory
31. 1) benefit 2) advantage 3) privilege 4) favour
32. 1) touch 2) contact 3) view 4) connection
33. 1) confessed 2) witnessed 3) determined 4) recognized
34. 1) ordered 2) commanded 3) forced 4) required
35. 1) contains 2) consists 3) involves 4) encloses
36. 1) breaking 2) damaging 3) ruining 4) destroying

Для ответов на задания 37 и 38 используйте бланк ответов № 2. Черновые пометки могут делаться прямо на листе с заданиями, или можно использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 37 и 38 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (37, 38), а затем ответ на него.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Olivia who writes: 

.. I’ve decided to go on a diet – I want to lose a few pounds. What are the most efficient ways to lose weight, in your opinion? Why do many people try to follow a healthy lifestyle? How important is your family’s support if you choose a healthy lifestyle as your goal? 

Yesterday my friends and I went to the cinema to watch a new film … 

Write a letter to Olivia. 

In your letter
– answer her questions
– ask 3 questions about a film

Write 100–140 words.
Remember the rules of letter writing