"Lexical parallels in the Russian and English languages"

Contents:

Introduction…………………………………………………………………….3

Main body……………………………………………………………………3

The words with absolute sound likeness…………………………………..3

The words with partial sound likeness……………………………………3

«False friend»……………………………………………………………..5

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………5

Bibliography……………………………………………………………………6

Appendix №1…………………………………………………………………7

Appendix №2…………………………………………………………………12

Appendix №3…………………………………………………………………13

Lexical parallels in the Russian and English languages.

Introduction

I like to learn English. I learn it at school and with my private teacher. At my English lessons our teacher paid our attention to the fact that some English words look like the Russian words. One day my mother bought me the English book «The Jungle book» by R.Kipling. I found out that many English words looked like the Russian words (Appendix №1). For example, jungle – джунгли, a panther – пантера, a tiger – тигр etc. I became interested and decided to pay special attention to the choice of words, which look like the Russian words. The aim of my work is to find lexical parallels in the Russian and English languages for making my English vocabulary rich.

Main body

I have read 10 books (Appendix №2). I have chosen the words which have absolute or partial likeness in the two languages (Appendix №3). I divided these words into some groups and subgroups.

So, I could:

see common features of the words;

learn that a new word can give interesting information about Britain;

understand that learning a new word can give a chance to learn more words.

Тhe words with absolute sound likeness.

We read these words in the same way in Russian and English and understand them at once.

For example:

stop – стоп, остановиться

tennis – теннис

jam – джем

text – текст

film – фильм

The words with partial sound likeness.

We cannot read these words in the same way in Russian and English because there are specific rules of reading in the English language. But we can hear some sound likeness.

chocolate – шоколад

rice – рис

tiger – тигр

sister – сестра

These groups can be divided into some subgroups:

The words which came into Russian from English and are used together with our native Russian words:

present- презент, подарок;

airplane- аэроплан, самолёт;

sandwich- сандвич, бутерброд(из нем.);

puzzle- пазл, головоломка;

pilot- пилот, лётчик;

show- шоу, показ.

The compound words which came into Russian from English and help us learn not only a new word but several new words:

football- футбол = foot-ступня + ball- мяч;

bulldog- бульдог = bull- бык + dog- собака;

cowboy- пастух = cow- корова + boy- мальчик;

gentleman- джентльмен = gentle- вежливый, знатный + man- человек;

butterfly- бабочка = butter- масло + fly- муха.

The words which came from English into Russian and help us learn not only a new word but also some information about the countries of the English speaking world:

badminton

- бадминтон + название города в Англии, где эта игра зародилась;

Whatman

- ватман + имя английского бизнесмена Дж. Ватман;

coca-cola

- напиток + листья коки (кустарник) и плоды колы (дерево).

I found out some common features of borrowed English words:

сombination «дж» can not be met in Russian words.

jumper-джемпер, gentleman-джентльмен, jungle-джунгли, jeep-джип, image-имидж

aspirate «h» is not known in the Russian phonetics and we pronounce the sound «х» or «г».

hockey – хоккей, hobby – хобби, hall – холл.

suffix -er in nouns.

sweater-свитер, cracker- крекер, thriller-триллер, hamburger- гамбургер.

ending - ing.

rating-рейтинг, meeting-митинг.

- man in compound words.

businessman-бизнесмен, sportsman-спортсмен, policeman-полисмен, showman-шоумен.

3. «False friends».

A group of words which have a sound likeness with some Russian words but their translation is different:

magazine- журнал;

artist- художник;

biscuit- сухое печенье;

velvet- бархат

We should remember these words!

2. The words with partial sound likeness.

1.Тhe words with absolute sound likeness.

3. «False friends».

c) The words which came from English into Russian and help us learn not only a new word but also some information about the countries of the English speaking world

Conclusion

This separation of words into the groups helps to find their common features and so to remember a lot of new English words quickly. It makes a process of studying English faster and more interesting.

I have made some rules:

- We should read English words attentively.

- We should look at the English words carefully.

- We should use the knowledge about the word formation.

- We should have a wish to learn English.

So, I can make a conclusion:

1. There are many words in English which look like the Russian words ( I have made the dictionary of these words. My work will be continued).

2. People of different nations borrowed and borrow many words from other languages.

3. I think that we can find words which look like the Russian and English ones in many other languages. That’s why studying one more language will not be difficult.

Selected bibliography.

Chicken Run, Level 2, retold Nonia W.Dodd

Beauty and the Beast

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, adapted for ELT by Joanne Swan

Pat’s picture, level 2, by Ben Smith

Little Red Riding Hood,

Oliver Twist, by Charls Dickens

Jennings and his friend, by Antony Buckeridge

The Jungle Book, by Rudyard Kipling

The Mummy: Against the Elements, by Greg Klein and Tom Pugsley

Английский в фокусе 2,3,4, Н.Быкова и др.

Контрольные задания к учебнику «Английский в фокусе»

3000 примеров по английскому языку, автор О. В. Терентьева

news.bbc.co.uc./hi/Russian/lern_english

Appendix №1.

A

accord аккорд

actor актёр

аccurate точный

Africa Африка

ananas ананас

Antarctic Антарктика

antenna антенна

aspirin аспирин

atlas атлас

B

baggage багаж

begonia бегония

ball балл, бал

ballet балет

C

cabinet шкаф

cacao какао

cactus кактус

calendar календарь

camera фотоаппарат

canal канал

centre центр

check чек

chocolate шоколад

class класс

cobra кобра

coca-cola кока-кола

coffee кофе

combination комбинезон

computer компьютер

concert концерт

conductor проводник, провожатый, дирижер

consultant консультант

cosmos космос

crab краб

creme сливки

crocodile крокодил

crocus крокус

cross кросс

culture культура

D

director режиссер

disk диск

diskette дискета

doctor доктор

document документ

duet дует

E

ellipse элипс

elixir эликсир

engineer инженер

F

fantastic фантастика

festival фестиваль

figure фигура

file файл

film фильм

final финал

finish финиш

flag флаг

formula формула

G

gamma гамма

geometry геометрия

giraffe жираф

gnome гном

goose гусь

H

hacker хакер

hall холл

hockey хоккей

hospital госпиталь

hotel отель

I

idea идея

ideal идеал

image имидж

J

jaguar ягуар

jam варенье

jeans джинсы

jeep джип

junior юниор

June июнь

L

lady леди

laser лазер

leader лидер

lemonade лимонад

lemur лемур

lily лилия

M

machine машина

mango манго

May май

mayor мэр

master мастер

metro метро

Mexico Мексика

microscope микроскоп

million миллион

minus минус

minute минута

mode мода

mum мама

N

nose нос

O

ocean океан

orange оранжевый

original оригинал

P

panama панама

panda панда

park парк

penguin пингвин

pelican пеликан

photographer фотограф

piano пианино

pilot пилот

plan план

player плейер

present презент

prince принц

problem проблема

product продукт

program программа

professional профессионал

professor профессор

puma пума

puzzle пазл

Q

quartet квартет

R

radio радио

radish редис

rebus ребус

rice рис

robot робот

rose роза

S

safe сейф

salon салон

salute салют

sandwich сэндвич

satin атлас
scorpion скорпион

secret секрет

shorts шорты

show шоу

sister сестра

site сайт

sofa софа

start старт

stop остановиться

soup суп

sphinx сфинкс

student студент

studio студия

superman супермен

sympathy сочувствие

T

tango танго

taxi такси

telephone телефон

temperature температура

tennis теннис

test тест

text текст

tomato помидор

V

vase ваза

velvet бархат

video видео

video cassette видео кассета

viking викинг

visit визит

Y

yogurt йогурт

yoyo йо-йо

Z

zebra зебра

Appendix№2

Chicken Run, Level 2, retold Nonia W.Dodd 500

Beauty and the Beast 500

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, adapted for ELT by Joanne Swan 1650

Pat’s picture, level 2, by Ben Smith 500

Little Red Riding Hood, 650

Oliver Twist, by Charls Dickens 10400

Jennings and his friend, by Antony Buckeridge 9500

The Jungle Book, by Rudyard Kipling 500

The Mummy: Against the Elements, by Greg Klein and Tom Pugsley 500

Spotlight 2,3,4 (student’s book) by Bikova.

Goldilocks and the Three Bears

Appendix№3

The diagram to show a number of topical words in the general number of words in the books

█ - The general number of words in the books.

█ - A number of topical words.