«THE FEATURES OF ELECTRONIC CORRESPONDENCE OF TEENAGERS. ABBREVIATIONS, EMOTICONS AND SYMBOLS AS THE MEANS OF MODERN COMMUNICATION»

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ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ ПРОЕКТ НА ТЕМУ

«THE FEATURES OF ELECTRONIC CORRESPONDENCE OF TEENAGERS. ABBREVIATIONS, EMOTICONS AND SYMBOLS AS THE MEANS OF MODERN COMMUNICATION»

Секция: Межкультурная коммуникация

Автор:

Абузярова Диана,

ученица 11 «В» класса МБУ «Школа № 70»

г.о. Тольятти Самарской обл.

Научный руководитель:

Фурман Елена Николаевна,

учитель МБУ «Школа № 70»

г.о. Тольятти Самарской обл.

Научный консультант:

Фурман Елена Николаевна

учитель МБУ «Школа № 70»

г.о. Тольятти Самарской обл.

Тольятти, 2021

THE ABSTRACT

This work will focus on the most effective and popular forms of electronic correspondence, which are used by modern teenagers, as well as about the features of communication on the Internet.

Purpose: to study English abbreviations in electronic correspondence of modern teens.

Methods of research:

- analyze the types of abbreviations;

- classify the abbreviations found on the Internet;

- make a survey and analyze the results.

The main results of the work can be called the following:

1. Identification of five types of abbreviations found directly on the Internet.

2. Systematization of existing English abbreviations by topic and meaning for effective use in communication on the Internet.

3. Creating a convenient classifier of English abbreviations in the form of a dictionary-reference, which explains their features of use, decoding, and appropriate use. It will serve as an indispensable assistant when communicating in social networks, chats, forums, etc.

THE LIST OF KEYWORDS

- the features of communication on the Internet,

- the most effective and popular forms of electronic correspondence,

- electronic messages,

- English abbreviations in electronic correspondence,

- emoticons,

- Asian emoticons,

- effective communication technologies,

- classification of English abbreviations,

THE CONTENT

Introduction……………………………………………………...…………………..…………4

Chapter 1. « The Effective communication technologies» on the Internet.................................5

1.1 The features of communication on the Internet………………………………………….………………………….…………….....5

Types of abbreviations in electronic correspondence…….………………..……........6

1.3 Emoticons and symbols as a means of communication……........................................7

Chapter 2. The Researching of young Internet communication and analyzing of

experimental data……………………………………………..………………………..….…..10

2.1 The results of a survey of students ' attitudes to electronic correspondence……………………………………………………………………………..…..10

2.2 The Сlassification of English abbreviations for communication on the Internet………………………………………………………………........................................11

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….….12

References……………………………………………………………......................................13

Appendix…………………………………………………………………………………..…..14

Introduction

Today the Internet is a whole world through which you can exchange information with all the inhabitants of our small planet. There are many ways to receive, transmit and exchange the information. This work will focus on the most effective and popular forms of electronic correspondence, which are used by modern teenagers, as well as about the features of communication on the Internet.

Relevance of the work is that since communication on the Internet has become the most popular form of written communication in the world, the study of the principles of writing electronic messages has become very important.

Purpose: to study English abbreviations in electronic correspondence of modern teens.

Subject of research: English abbreviations in electronic correspondence.

Object of research: English abbreviations.

Hypothesis: we assume that English abbreviations in electronic correspondence are an integral part of modern communication of teenagers on the Internet. The use of abbreviations in electronic correspondence contributes to a deeper study of the language to use it not only in real, but also online communication.

Tasks:

Consider the features of communication on the Internet.

Understand the types of abbreviations in electronic correspondence.

Prepare a questionnaire for school children.

Conduct a survey.

Analyze the results of the survey.

Create a dictionary-reference of the most frequently used English abbreviations in electronic correspondence.

Take a stock and draw conclusions.

Methods of research:

- analyze the types of abbreviations;

- classify the abbreviations found on the Internet;

- make a survey and analyze the results.

The novelty of the research is that the results can be used in academic work and outside of school hours, which will expand the vocabulary of students. It is useful for the General culture of communication between teenagers on the Internet.

CHAPTER 1: THE EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ON THE INTERNET

The Features of communication on the Internet

The issue of communication on the Internet has two sides - purely linguistic and psychological. They are interrelated and complement each other. In modern psychology, there is a concept of "effective communication technologies". In foreign social psychology, there is even a special term - "self-presentation" or "self-giving". When communicating, we unconsciously (and sometimes consciously) highlight and emphasize some aspects of our personality, so that the interlocutor creates a certain stereotype of our personality. We use speech tactics chosen in the process of communication to give the interlocutor certain material, so that it optimally "modeled" our image. And if we manage to make an impression, then the mechanism of interest in communication is triggered.

In relation to communication on the Internet via e-mail or ICQ, the use of modern English emotionally-colored abbreviations makes it easier to interest in communication those who in other cases would treat this interlocutor indifferently.

After analyzing the specifics of communication on the Internet, we can say with a high degree of confidence that in this case we are talking about a special speech tactic - the tactic of communicating in the "world wide web" in English, which has some features and differences from the standard version. Therefore, for a modern student who communicates on the Internet, it is not enough just to learn and apply English, it is also necessary to be able to use special speech tactics to establish contacts, positive self-presentation and cultural exchange via the Internet.

Writing e-mails using the keyboard, reading them from screens, frequent correspondence - it all became like you were talking. Consequently, the Internet has its own specifics of writing, for example, emotionally-colored icons and abbreviations to describe the feelings and emotions of the writer.

In 1979, Kevin McKenzie, a member of one of the first news groups – MsgGroup-once complained that in such an exclusively "written" communication environment, the ability to express one's emotions is sharply reduced. In this regard, he suggested using visual icons made up of punctuation marks – colons, hyphens and brackets - to convey emotions in writing. Initially, everyone's reaction to this proposal was different. Someone took the idea sarcastically, and someone liked it. Moreover, they were in the majority, and for more than 20 years, emoticons fill all kinds of forums, chats, are used in communication via ICQ and adorn emails. There is another type of "incomprehensibility" - strange words like lol, rtfm, etc. These are well-established abbreviations of standard English phrases. After all, the Internet began in America, and for a long time the predominant language of the Network was English. Therefore, all network slang has English-language roots.

In principle, it is very easy to understand where these abbreviations came from. The main reason for their appearance is the specifics of communication on the Internet and the need to save your own and others time wherever possible. Time spent online was once a very expensive pleasure. Therefore, brevity was also necessary from an economic point of view. In the chat, you can safely write "opinion", no one will pay attention to it. But using imho (in my humble opinion) is a sign that a person is not the first day on the Internet, which means that, theoretically, there is something to talk about.

The exchange of electronic messages involves short, chopped phrases, laconisms, replacing Russian words with shorter English ones, using abbreviations and emotionally-colored icons, so-called "emoticons" (from English. "to smile" - to smile).

Types of abbreviations

Before classifying abbreviations by one or another feature, you need to analyze the concept of «abbreviation». The dictionary of the Russian language gives the following concept: «An abbreviation is a compound word or a conditional abbreviation of words in a letter». 2 a Large encyclopedic dictionary treats this concept as follows: «Abbreviation (ital. Abbreviatura, from lat. Abbrevio-abbreviate) - usually a noun consisting of truncated words».

There are 5 types of abbreviations used in electronic correspondence:

1.Alphabetic

They consist of the names of the initial letters of the words included in the original phrase.

LTNS – Long time no see.

2. Sound

Consist of the initial sounds of the words of the original phrase, i.e. read as a normal word .

CU-See you

3. Alphanumeric sounds

They consist of both the names of the initial letters and the initial sounds of the words of the original phrase.

BBS – Be back soon.

4.Alphanumeric abbreviations

They consist of initial letters and a number that reads like a normal word.

GR8-Great-Great.

4GET-Forget - Forget.

5.Digital abbreviations

They consist of a number that reads like a normal word.

4 - For - for; 2 –to; too is the particle or the preposition "to", too.

Emoticons and symbols as a means of communication

The modern Internet is a means for communication. Millions of people flock to the Global network in search of friends, like-minded people, partners and interlocutors. Here, as in real life, passions are raging. To express them, there is a simple and ingenious tool, the name of which is a smiley face. No email, forum, or blog is complete without emoticons today! What is a smile?

A smiley, emoticon is an ideogram that represents an emotion. It consists of various alphabetic characters, numbers, and punctuation marks.

Smiley can not only smile (English smile – smile). It can be sad, strict, harsh, cunning, ingratiating, teasing.

For the first time, the yellow smiling face was drawn by American artist Harvey Bell in 1963. He later admitted, the entire development took him no more than 10 minutes. For the work, he was paid $ 45, and this was all the profit that the artist received for such a brilliant invention. The first smiley face was attached to a pin, that is, made in the form of an icon and issued to employees and customers of the company.

The smiley face went a long way before it was recognized by the computer community. And it all started in the same 60s of the last century. It is believed that the electronic version of the smiley face developed independently and in parallel, regardless of the invention of Harvey Bell.

Currently, emoticons are confidently "walking" on the Internet, and their varieties are increasing.

1.3.1 Classic emoticons

There are a lot of emoticons to indicate both emotions and States of a person or their appearance.

• :-) smiling

• :-))) laughing

• :-D laughing happily

• :-| thoughtful

• :-( sad

• :_( or :"( or :*( weeping

• :- / dissatisfied or puzzled

• >: - [ angry

• :- [ confused

• : -! Shhh! (keep your mouth shut)

• :- X no words

• * O:-) angel

• :- E angry (grin)

• :- F angry (but one tooth in the grin has already broken)

• :-0 surprised (mouth open)

• 8-O or =-O very surprised (mouth open and eyes wide)

• :- [ ] very surprised (jaw dropped)

• %-0 confused (eyes bulging out of their sockets)

• %) mad (slanted eyes and nose)

• :-@ or >:O shouting in anger

• ;-) winking

• :- \ grinning

• 8-) with glasses or happy

• :-P or :-p showing the language

• :-* kiss

Sometimes the nose symbol « - » is not printed for ease of typing. For

example, print simply :) or :( . Recently, more and more often the colon is replaced with an equal sign, for example =) instead of :). "Nose" is usually not put in such cases. It is also common to use only opening or closing brackets in chats. For example )))) or (((((. The number of characters corresponds to the level of joy or chagrin. In addition, in forums, chats and so on, you can find smiley-like combinations of characters that are usually replaced with images (graphic emoticons).

1.3.2 Asian emoticons

In East Asia, a different style of emotion is adopted — kaomoji, which can be understood without turning them over. It is based on the designation of emotions in anime and more attention is paid to the eyes, rather than the mouth.

For example:

• (^ _ ^) — smiling (more underscores , for example ^___^ , show a wider, that is, more cheerful, smile)

• (^ ^) - smile through force.

• (^ _ ~) or ( ^ _ - ) — winking

• (> _ <) - angry or categorical

• (= ^ .^=) - cat

• ^ .. ^ - pig

• (< _ >) — sad

• ^ _ ^ " - confused

• (- _ - #) or (- _ _ - ¤) or (- _ - ") or (- _ - +) - furious

• (;_;) or (T_T) or (TT.TT) or (ToT) - crying

• (v_v) - sadness

• (o_o) - surprise

• (V_v) - unpleasant surprise

• (0_0) - big surprise

• (O_o) - so big surprise that it even skewed

• (* _ *) — fanaticism

• (- _- ;) — disease

• (% _ %) — after a night at the computer

• *^_^* — redness from embarrassment

• ^} {^- love

• (- . -) Zzz.. – dream

Currently, emoticons are very successful in using them on forums, personal diaries, chats, without them it would be boring to read articles and messages. Some people have already made it a habit to communicate emotionally: if they are very upset, they make an upset face, and the interlocutor understands everything. Therefore, the number of emoticons is growing and growing. They are all different, for any choice, but most often use animated emoticons.

CHARTER 2: RESEARCH OF YOUNG INTERNET COMMUNICATION AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA

2.1 The results of a survey of students ' attitudes to electronic correspondence

The popularity of electronic correspondence has grown rapidly in recent years. Today, more than 80% of teenagers regularly communicate in social networks, blog, communicate in forums and on Viber.

We tried to find out how things are with electronic correspondence and what English abbreviations are used by my peers from students of grades 9-10 of "School N70" in Togliatti. We have developed a questionnaire consisting of a number of questions. The respondents were 15-16-year-olds. As a survey method, we chose a questionnaire. During the survey, questions were asked that helped to consider the written culture of Internet communications from the point of view of finding a language through which young people express themselves in a new environment. 40 teenagers took part in the survey: 25 girls and 15 boys.

The results of the survey are shown below.

To the question: «Do you use e-mail? » all students answered that they use e-mail.

To the question: « How often do you use e-mail? » most teenagers said they use it every day. The results are clearly shown in figure 1. (Appendix 2)

To the question: «What kind of email correspondence do You use? » the students identified the following forms of electronic correspondence: communication in social networks, via Viber, Skype, as well as communication via emails.

To the question: «Do you use abbreviations? » most of the respondents said that they use them regularly. The results are clearly shown in figure 2. (Appendix 2)

To the question : « What abbreviations do You use?» all the guys answered that they use emoticons and icons, but only a part of the respondents use English abbreviations. The results are clearly shown in figure 3. (Appendix 2)

To the question: «Would You like to learn more about English abbreviations in email correspondence?» almost all students said they would like to add new English abbreviations to their vocabulary.

To the question: «For what?», the teenagers answered the following: to communicate with foreign people, to save time, to improve English language skills, for mobility, in order not to seem illiterate and outdated in front of their peers, for interest.

Analysis of the survey results showed that absolutely all students regularly use electronic correspondence. The most popular among them are social networks, Viber, Skype, as well as communication via emails. At the same time, 90% of respondents use abbreviations such as emoticons and icons in their email correspondence, while only 40% use English letter abbreviations. This small percentage is due to the fact that teenagers simply do not have knowledge of English abbreviations. In this regard, the desire to get to know this topic more closely aroused the interest of 82% of respondents. Students noted that knowledge of this type of abbreviations will facilitate communication in English with foreign peers, improve their knowledge of English, and make communication more mobile, interesting, and understandable.

Summing up the results of the survey, we can draw the following conclusions: abbreviations in electronic correspondence are firmly entrenched in the lives of teenagers. They help them Express emotions, develop imagination, and make communication friendly and informal.

However, English abbreviations are not used so often, due to the fact that this type of abbreviations is only required when communicating with foreign peers, and therefore is not so popular among Russian teenagers yet. However, the knowledge of this type of abbreviations aroused interest among students, and therefore they were asked to use a short dictionary-a reference of the most used English abbreviations in electronic correspondence.

2.2 Сlassification of English abbreviations for communication on the Internet

After analyzing and summarizing all the found cases of using abbreviations on the Internet, I made an attempt to classify them by topic of use.

Classification of English abbreviations for communication on the Internet

Greeting

LTNS - long time no see - long time no see

LTNT - long time no type - did not write for a long time

WB-welcome back-c return

Acquaintance

AFAIK - as far as I know-as far as I know

ASL - age/sex/location-age/gender/place of residence

F2F-face to face-face to face

FAQ-frequently asked questions-frequently asked questions

MF-male or female-male or female

RE-how are you-how are you?

SUP-what's up - how are you?

Farewell

BBIAF - be back in a few minutes - I'll be back in a few minutes

BBIAH - be back in an hour - be back in an hour

BBIAM - be back in a minute - be back in a minute

BBIAS - be back in a second - I'll be back in a second

BBS - be back soon - coming back soon

CU-see you-see you soon

GTG - I got to go - I got to go

TTFN-ta ta for now - come on, bye!

Signature at the end of the email

WBR - best wishes - heartfelt greetings

WBW - best wishes - best wishes

Relatively-relatively-with respect

Positive emotions

GR8-excellent-delicious

LOL-lots of laughs-lots of laughs

Rofl-rolling on the floor with a laugh-rolling on the floor with a laugh

Discontent

H8-hate-hate

Onna-Oh no, not again-Oh no, not again!

TANJ-no justice - no justice

Gratitude

10X-thank you-thank you

TFHAOT-thank you for your help in advance-thank you in advance

Stable expressions

AFK-away from the keyboard - I'm not at the keyboard

IMO-in my opinion ... in my opinion

IMHO - in my humble opinion ... in my humble opinion

IMNSHO - in my not very modest opinion

LOL-lots of laughs-lots of laughs

PMJI - pardon me for jumping in - I apologize for interfering

POV-point of view - point of view

Rofl-rolling on the floor with laughter-rolling on the floor with laughter.

CONCLUSION

Any language is a tree with many branches. Written language, colloquial slang, and abbreviations that are often used in electronic correspondence are part of the language that we use every day in our communication.

In fact, abbreviations in chats and e-mail are a new language of communication that is currently being formed as a result of the rapid development of the Internet and communication tools.

In order to communicate freely with the world, you will have to learn this language a little, especially since the origin of abbreviations in electronic correspondence and chats is easily understandable and accessible to everyone.

In this work, abbreviations that are most frequently found on the Internet are systematized, analyzed and classified. All this, of course, will be useful for those Internet users who want to fully and competently communicate virtually and, when accessing the "world wide web", do not get lost in guesses about the decoding of abbreviations found there. Therefore, speaking about the results of the study, the main results of the work can be called the following:

1. Identification of five types of abbreviations found directly on the Internet.

2. Systematization of existing English abbreviations by topic and meaning for effective use in communication on the Internet.

3. Creating a convenient classifier of English abbreviations in the form of a dictionary-reference, which explains their features of use, decoding, and appropriate use. It will serve as an indispensable assistant when communicating in social networks, chats, forums, etc.

The goal of the study was achieved. We reviewed the features of communication on the Internet, studied the types of English abbreviations used in electronic correspondence. The hypothesis is confirmed. Problems have been solved.

English abbreviations in electronic correspondence are an integral part of modern communication between teenagers on the Internet. Knowledge of different types of abbreviations motivates students to learn English more deeply, and as a result gives them the opportunity to use English in real life when communicating with native speakers.

REFERENCES

1. Derekleeva N. I. Modular course of educational and communication motivation of students-Moscow: VAKO, 2018-112s.

2. Leontiev A. A. Psychology of communication-3rd ed. - Moscow: Smysl, 2018. -

365 p.

3. Makeeva T. G. Diagnostics of development of high school students: psychological tests. - Rostov n / A: Phoenix, 2017. - 187 p.

4. Nemov R. S. Psychology: Textbook. for students. higher PED. studies'. institutions: - 4th ed. - Moscow: Humanit. ed. center VLADOS., 2016. - 607 p.

5. Ozhegov S. I., Shvedova N. Yu. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language-Moscow: "Azbukovnik", 1997.

6. Hornby A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 2018.

7. Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced learners, 2019.

8. http://mislivsluh.com/lyubopytno/sokrashheniya-v-anglijskom-yazyke.html

9. http://shub123.ucoz.ru/sokrashenia/html

10. http://translarions.web-3.ru

11. http: // www.correctenglish.ru/theory/writing/contractions /

12. http://www.philosoft.ru/_subsites

Appendix 1

QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear Respondent, you are invited to fill out a survey questionnaire. The survey is anonymous, and you don't need to write your first and last name. All your answers will only be used in this study, and confidentiality is guaranteed.

1. Do you use email correspondence?

a) Yes b) No

2. How often do you use email?

a) Never b) a Couple of times a week C) Every day

3. What email correspondence do You use?

4. Do you use abbreviations?

a) Yes b) No

5. What abbreviations do You use?

a) Emoticons b) Letter abbreviations C) Icons

6. What are some abbreviations in the English language?

7. How are they translated?

8. How often do you use them?

9. How are these symbols interpreted?

BFF - ________________________________________

LOL - ________________________________________

2DAY - _______________________________________

YDAY - _______________________________________

4EVER - ______________________________________

BRO - ________________________________________

& - ___________________________________________

10. Would You like to know more about the English abbreviations in email correspondence?

A) Yes b) No

11. For what?

Appendix 2

Dictionary-reference of the most used English abbreviations in electronic correspondence.

The English abbreviation

Greeting

LTNS - long time no see - long time no see

LTNT - long time no type - did not write for a long time

WB-welcome back-c return

Acquaintance

AFAIK - as far as I know-as far as I know

ASL - age/sex/location-age/gender/place of residence

F2F-face to face-face to face

FAQ-frequently asked questions-frequently asked questions

MF-male or female-male or female

RE-how are you - how a re you?

SUP - what's up - how are you?

Farewell

BBIAF - be back in a few minutes - be back in a few minutes

BBIAH - will be back in an hour - will be back in an hour

BBIAM-I'll be back - I'll be back in a minute

BBIAS - I'll be back - I'll be back in a second

BBS-coming back soon - coming back soon

Ku-see you ...see you

GTG-I gotta go ...

TTFN-TA and TA for now-come on, bye!

Signature at the end of the email

WBR - best wishes - heartfelt greetings

WBW - best wishes - best wishes

Relatively-relatively-with respect

Positive emotion

GR8-excellent-delicious

LOL-lots of laughs-lots of laughs

Rofl-rolling on the floor with a laugh-rolling on the floor with a laugh

Discontent

H8-hate-hate

Onna-Oh no, not again-Oh no, not again!

TANJ-no justice - no justice

Gratitude

10X-thank you-thank you

TFHAOT-thank you for your help in advance-thank you in advance

Stable expressions

AFK-away from the keyboard - I'm not at the keyboard

IMO-in my opinion ... in my opinion

IMHO - in my humble opinion ... in my humble opinion

IMNSHO - in my not very modest opinion

LOL-lots of laughs-lots of laughs

PMJI - pardon me for jumping in - I apologize for interfering

POV-point of view - point of view

Rofl-rolling on the floor with laughter-rolling on the floor with laughter

Appendix 3

EMOTICONS AND ICONS