Тематический вариант ЕГЭ по теме "Crime and law"

A. The presumption of innocence is a legal right that the accused in criminal trials has in many modern countries. The burden of proof is thus on the prosecution. It has to collect and present enough compelling evidence to convince the jury of the fact that beyond a reasonable doubt the accused has broken the law. In case of remaining doubts, the accused is to be acquitted.

B. Sarah and Lisa always enjoyed hanging out at the mall. But one Saturday, after shopping for jeans, Sarah pulled a new shirt out of her bag. Lisa didn’t remember seeing her buy it. ‘I didn’t, ’ Sarah told her. ‘I lifted it.” Lisa was upset and puzzled. Stealing didn’t seem like something Sarah would do. Sometimes people do not realize the consequences of this crime.

C. Even families living in so-called ‘safe’ neighbourhoods are concerned. They may feel safe today, but there is always a reminder that violence can intrude at any moment. Polly Klaas and her family no doubt felt safe in Petaluma, California. But on October 1, 1993, she was abducted from her suburban home during a sleepover. If she can be abducted and murdered, so can nearly any other child.

D. The Internet is a great place to find information, make friends, keep in touch with others, and do business. There always are other sides as long as there is a criminal element. As our world becomes more computerized and ever more interconnected, different kinds of computer crimes will continue to grow. These include break-ins of computers to get trade secrets or illegal entry for the thrill and challenge.

E. Movie violence these days is louder and bloodier than ever before. When a bad guy was shot in a black-and-white Western, the most we saw was a puff of smoke and a few drops of fake blood. Now the sights, sounds, and special effects often jar us more than the real thing. Slow motion and pyrotechnics conspire to make movies and TV shows more gruesome than ever.

F. University of Illinois psychologist Leonard Eron studied children at age eight and then again at eighteen. He found that television habits established at the age of eight influenced aggressive behaviour through childhood and adolescent years. The more violent were the programs preferred by boys in the third grade, the more aggressive was their behaviour, both at that time and ten years later.

G. In the debate about execution and human dignity, supporters and opponents of the death penalty have found very little common ground. Since the 18th century, those who wish to abolish the death penalty have stressed the significance of requiring governments to recognize the importance of each individual. However, supporters of this penal practice see nothing wrong with governments deliberately killing terrible people who commit terrible crimes.

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Запишите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений.

In fighting organized crime, the police often make use of undercover police officers who A_______. The life of these undercover police officers is a lonely and dangerous one.
Sometimes, things can go badly wrong. In one case, the police attempted to trap a gang of drug dealers working in Spain. For five years, undercover police officers helped the drug dealers launder about $15 million through a false company. In this way, the police were able to B_______. However, when the police arrested the gang members and the case came to court, the British judge said that the police had acted illegally and C_______. The cost of this failed police operation was $25 million.
Undercover police officers face terrible danger. One former undercover policeman, Liam Thomas, told the Guardian newspaper that after 12 years in the job he was «like a broken biscuit». The pressure of hiding his real identity and working with violent criminals D_______. Undercover police officers are supposed E_______to see that they are not suffering. But Mark Kennedy, an agent who worked under cover in environmental activist groups, says that these psychological checks aren’t as frequent as they should be.
Sometimes agents work undercover in the same group for too long. Then there is a serious risk that F_______, as happened in Kennedy’s case.

1. have infiltrated the gang
2. get more information about the gang
3. stay a long time in a group
4. caused him to suffer a mental breakdown
5. to have frequent psychological checks
6. their true identity will be discovered
7. the criminals went free

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12-18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

Corruption

Sharon had marched up to my desk, obviously furious, and demanded “a word outside”. At that moment I was just curious to find out what had bothered her so much. I followed her outside. “I’ve just paid a little visit to our old friend Fat Mickey,” she said, “to put some pressure on him about last year’s Renfrew robbery, and he says you took some cash to “lose” some evidence. Well?

If I’d known what was coming. I could have reacted better, but I’d been caught completely off guard and I knew it showed. “It’s a lie,” I said, as coolly as I could. “He’s a criminal and will say anything.” I hoped I sounded convincing but she was looking straight at me with her sharp blue eyes and I left like a schoolboy in trouble with the headmaster. I leaned back against the wall trying to look like I didn’t have a care in the world, despite the fact that I was having difficulty breathing and I could feel the beads of sweat gathering on my forehead.

Sharon was a woman I’d always admired. A tough detective and a very good one, too. It wasn’t easy for a woman to make it as a detective and earn the respect of all her colleagues. But it hadn’t been easy for me either, a boy from the poorest area in Glasgow. I was a good detective, one of the best, in fact, and I’d only ever made one mistake – taking money from Mickey. It had been just after I had split up with my wife and I was badly in debt. I had never done anything like it before and I never intended to do it again.

Now, as Sharon confronted me, I felt small, ugly and very guilty. I also felt

annoyed with her at the moment. What made her so perfect? Had she never put a foot wrong anywhere? Ever? My mind raced as I tried to decide what to do. Should I tell the truth, explain what had happened and hope she’d take my side? Or should I just brush off the accusation and pray she didn’t tell anyone? I had no idea if this conversation could finish off my promising career as a police officer or not.

At the end of the day it would all come down to my word against Mickey’s and he was just a cheap criminal. But I didn’t want people whispering behind my back, wondering if it were true, whether I really was a corrupt officer off the law. If word goes out, this would always be on my record. Once your superiors had lost confidence in you it was almost impossible to get it back and I didn’t want to lose my chance of further promotion. I’d already made it to detective inspector and I saw no reason why I couldn’t go higher. Except now there was Mickey’s betrayal casting a dark shadow over my dreams.

I shrugged my shoulders and attempted a cheeky grin at Sharon. “You’re the last person I expected to believe Mickey. I should be offended,” I said. She laughed, but it was an empty laugh and it didn’t reach her cold eyes. “I didn’t believe him. Until now, that is. It’s a shame really, because you were always the one person in the station that I looked up to. I thought you were very honest and I’ve just lost a little more faith in humanity,” she said. “But don’t worry, your dirty little secret is safe with me.”

As I watched her turn around and go back into the station, I finally managed to take a deep breath. Of course, I was very relieved that she wouldn’t talk and I trusted her because I knew that, unlike me, she really was an honest person. But her words had affected me deeply. I had lost her respect forever. I would be able to hold my head high with everyone in the station, apart from her. Even if I ever did manage to get the promotion I longed for, there would always be one person who knew I didn’t deserve it.

12.  Sharon was angry because

1) Fat Mickey was threatening her
2) she found out the writer had put her in danger
3) she thought the writer may have harmed the case
4) she had been tricked by Fat Mickey

13.  When the writer says “I’d been caught completely off guard” in paragraph two, he means he

1) reacted wrongly
2) was seeing doing wrong
3) wasn’t feeling confident
4) was taken by surprise

14. When Sharon made her accusation the writer

1) was afraid that he looked guilty
2) managed to persuade her that he was innocent
3) didn’t try to defend himself
4) succeeded in staying calm

15. In the third paragraph, the writer implies that his mistake

1) was Sharon’s fault
2) should be forgiven
3) hadn’t hurt anyone
4) ended his marriage

16. The writer was worried that

1) he would lose his job
2) his colleagues would lose their trust in him
3) Mickey would try to hurt him
4) Sharon’s career would be affected

17. In paragraph six, Sharon shows that she

1) still admired the writer
2) would reveal what she knew
3) felt disappointed with the writer
4) believed the writer was innocent

18. After his conversation with Sharon, the writer

1) knew she would never trust him again
2) was relieved that she would forgive him
3) knew that he would never be promoted
4) felt very annoyed with her

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19-24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19-24. Ответ необходимо записывать заглавными буквами без пробелов.

Graffiti

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк обозначенных номерами 25-29, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните протеки получвнныки словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 25-29. Ответ необходимо записывать заглавными буквами. 

Fyodor Dostoevsky

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Burgar, 14, walks free for 33rd time

Britain’s most persistent young burglar walked free for the 33rd time yesterday.

Two hours later the politicians promised to take action against tearaways who the law says are too young to be locked up.

Youngsters aged between 12 and 15 who repeatedly 30......... crimes will be held in ten new “secure training centres” for up two years.

The 14-year-old, in 31........... yesterday, was responsible for a mini crime wave near his home totaling $58,000. As he was releasing his worried mother said: “I really thought he would have been locked away. I’m worried that he’ll be out 32........... it again before the week’s out”.

Her son had stolen clothes worth $ 28,000 and dropped into the same branch of one particular shop three times in one week. He played with the laces of his $ 100 trainers as the court heard he had also 33........... his local chemist’s at least six times.

Before one raid a shop assistant was even handed his “calling card” marked with his initials and advising: “Ring the police”.

The boy, who cannot be identified for law reasons, 34........... seven charges of burglary and asked for another 24 to be taken into 35.........

The court heard he was too young to be remanded in custody and that there was no place for him in secure accommodation.

The boy’s mother added after the trial: “I just find it astonishing that nowhere can be found for him. I’ve warned him he’s living on borrowed time. I’ve tried – but I can’t 36........... him”.

Ответы на тестовую часть:
1) 752631
2) 2132123
3-9) 2313312
10) 8247561
11) 217456
12-18) 3412231
19) has existed
20) earliest
21) was placed
22) most commonly
23) is considered
24) beliefs
25) government
26) industrial
27) unemployed
28) greedy
29) possibly
30-36) ABDDBAB