Особенности применения прямого и косвенного дополнения в английском языке.

Word order with Objects

There are 2 kinds of objects: direct and indirect (прямое и косвенное дополнение).

A direct object (d.o.) answers the question “What” and indirect object (i.o.) answers the questions “Who”, “Whom”. Some verbs are followed 2 objects: d.o and i.o.

Ex. I wrote thed.o. letter to i.o.Alex

Ex.: I wrote Alex a letter (in this order 1-indirect

2-direct)

Both sentences have the same meaning. The preposition to isn’t used when the i.o. is the 1 st and the d.o. is the 2 nd.

When the d.o. is a pronoun it must precede (стоять впереди) the i.o.

Ex.: - Did you write the letter to Alex?

Yes I did I wrote them to him.

I wrote him them – incorrect

Verbs followed by i.o. introduced by to. Give, hand (вручать), lend, pass, send, show, tell, write.

RULES of using verbs with prepositions.

-8 verbs (hand, pass, give, lend, show, write, tell, send)

– to – 2 patterns

I give a book to her

I give her a book

-2 verbs (explain, introduce) – to – 1 pattern

I introduce him to her

-6 verbs (cash, answer, fix, open, pronounce, translate) – for -1 pattern

Bob opened the door for her

-3 verbs (buy, make, get) – for – 2 patterns

I buy a book for us

I buy us a book

Indirect Object with BUY, GET, MAKE.

Tina bought a gift for us with the verbs

Tina bought us a gift buy, make, get

I got a new toy for my son 2 patterns are

I got my son a new toy possible:

Tom made lunch for his wife - for introduces

Tom made his wife lunch the i.o. or

-The i.o. precedes

the d.o.

Indirect Objects with “Explain” and “Introduce”

With the verbs “explain” and “introduce”

“to” is used with the i.o.

The i.o. always follows the d.o .

Ex.: The teacher explained the grammar to us.

Anna introduced her sister to me.

Incorrect: The teacher explained us the grammar.

Anna introduced me her sister.

Indirect Objects with “FOR”

With some verbs “for” is used with the i.o. with these verbs the i.o. follows the d.o. the position of the i.o. is not changed . “For” is not omitted.

Ex.: Bob opened the door for Mary.

She answered a question for me.

Incorrect: She answered me a question.

Bob opened Mary the door.

Exercises

Ex.:

I bought (Jim a new hat).

I bought a new hat for Jim.

Jack got (a stuffed animal, his daughter).

I bought (some gloves, Robert).

I made (Mike, a cake).

Carmen got (a new television set, her parents).

Eric bought (a necklace, his mother).

Oscar made (his guests, dinner).

Heide bought (a nice birthday gift, her brother).

Could you please got (a glass of water, me).

Ex.:

Elizabeth explained (me, the problem).

The professor explained (the students, the chemistry formula).

Tina introduced (her son, me).

Mr. Schowartz explained (the doctor, his problems).

Could you please translate (me, this sentence).

Fred told (me, his ideas).

I explained (my husband, Fred’s ideas).

“FOR” or “TO”

The teacher answered a question _____ me.

I opened the door _____ my mother.

My roommate translated a newspaper story ____me.

Fred gave some candy ____ his girlfriend.

Robert cashed the baby a check ____ me.

The mechanic fixed my car ____me.

Mrs. Baker handed the baby ____ her husband.

The teacher pronounced “bat” and “but” ____ the students.

Our landlord fixed the air conditioner ____ us.

Could you please answer a question ____ me?

My hands are wet. Could you please open this jar of pickles (банка рассола) ____ me?

If necessary, add “to” or “for”

(my cousin) I sent a postcard.

(me) The teacher answered a question.

(his girlfriend) Jim opened the car door.

(the bride and the groom) Ann Miller gave a nice wedding presents.

(the class) The teacher pronounced the new vocabulary words.

(us) The teacher explained the meaning of the word.

(my roommate) I translated the title of the book.

(the University of Texas) I sent an application.

(his wife) Ron fixed the sewing machine.

(us) Don’t told a funny joke at the party.

(me) Jane explained her problems.

(me) My father wrote a letter.

(the teacher) Samir showed a picture of his family.

(my friend) I bought a gift.