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Text A: Sochi

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«Big Sochi — the best place on the Earth!»

Hello, everyone! Here is Ann Sokolova again. This time I'll tell you about my lovely hometown — Sochi. I am sure everyone knows where Sochi is. For those who are not really sure I remind that it is situated on the Black Sea coast about 1500 km south from Moscow.

But what makes this city so special? Sochi is called the city of three seasons because there's no winter here. As we usually say, «the golden autumn slowly turns into the early spring.» When golden leaves slowly fall down on the earth the first flowers begin to blossom. Sochi is the only northern subtropical city in Russia. One can bathe in the Black Sea from May till October because the water of the Black Sea is still warm. The water of the Black Sea contains many chemical substances such as iodine, chlorine, bromine, sulphates, carbonates, sodium, potassium, etc. All of them react with your body and make you healthier. There are many mineral water springs in Sochi and its area.

Have you ever heard the name Big Sochi? Sochi is one of the most stretched cities along the sea coast — it is 148 km long! Small towns and cities Adler, Khosta, Kudepsta, Dagomys and Lazarevskoye belong to Big Sochi!

The history of this area goes back to the ancient times. One can call this area «the Cradle of Mankind». People came here from the Asia Minor 400-350 thousand years ago. There are more than 150 historical places of interest in the area. Here the camps and caves of prehistoric people have been found.

The dolmens — massive prehistoric grave structures from the 2nd thousand B.C. are the features of the Bronze era. The most ancient five-stone dolmens are found in the Sochi area. Travellers of the 19th century called dolmens «the houses of the giants» because each grave stone weighs from 500 to 3000 kg. It is still uncertain what technical developments made it possible to construct such structures.

The rich lands of Caucasus always attracted invad­ers: Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Genuese, Turks.

In the VIth century B.C. the Black Sea coast attracted Greek colonists, who have based a number of trade-settlements, such as Dioscuria (modern city of Sukhumi), Pitiunt (Pitsunda), Triglif (Gagra).

Christian religion was brought over from the Byzantynne three centuries earlier than to Russia. In the end of Xth — beginning of the XIth centuries A.D. the first known Christian constructions were built in Loo, Galitsino and Veseloye.

During the XVIIIth-XIXth centuries Russia conducted long wars with Turkey for the exit to the Black Sea. In 1829, after the end of Russian-Turkish war, by the peace treaty the Black Sea coast of Caucasus, from the mouth of the Kuban river up to a fort St.Nicholas (to the south of modern city Poti), has departed to Russia.

Symbol of the victory of the Russian weapon in the war of 1829 is the monument near modern hotel «Lenin­grad» — «Anchor and Cannon».

The end of Russian-Turkish war has not solved all the problems of strengthening of Russia on the Black Sea coast. The Black Sea coastal line consisting of 17 forts was created with this purpose.

On April 21st, 1838 a small wooden fortress was es­tablished in the Sochi river area to protect this land from local tribes. It was named Alexandria in honour of emperess Alexandra. It was renamed one year later, on May 18, 1839 and became Navaginskoye. But in 1854, because of the beginning of the Crimean war, the fortress was destroyed by Russian army. Russians left this area. Only 10 years later, on March 25th, 1864 the new for­tress named Dakhovskiy was established on the place of the Navaginskiy fortress.

In 1896 by the decision of the Tsarist government for­tress Dakhovskiy was renamed in the settlement of Sochi, after the name of the river Sochi.

In the end of XIXth century the Black Sea coast was intensively occupied by the immigrants from central parts of Russia, Moldova, the Ukraine, Byelorussia, Georgia and Armenians and Greeks from Turkey. The Sochi district becomes multinational area of Russian Empire.

In Soviet times Sochi was a quickly developing port, industrial and resort city on the Black Sea. The fast de­velopment of the city and construction of modern houses was due to Joseph Stalin's sympathy to this place. Many streets in the center of Sochi look like the center of Mos­cow built in 30s and 50s.

Until now the favourite residence of Russian Presidents was Bocharov creek (ручей). Ski resorts of Krasnaya polyana, warm blue waters of Black Sea, luxurious tennis courts create irresistable atmosphere around the place.

I guess, I have taken a lot of your attention already. You know yourself what a popular resort is Sochi nowa­days. Just buy the ticket and have your suitcases packed!

(текст из учебника Агабекян)
 

Task 1. Questions/Ответить на вопросы

1. Where is Sochi situated?

2. Why Sochi is called the city of three seasons?

3. What does the water of the Black Sea contain?

4. How many historical places of interest are in the area?

5. What are the dolmens?

6. What have the Greek colonists based?

7. How many ports are there in the Black Sea coastal line?

8. When was the fortress destroyed by Russian army?

9. Immigrants of which countries occupied the Black Sea coast?

10. What is the favourite residence of Russian Presidents?

 

Task 2. True/False/ Правда/Неправда

1. When golden leaves slowly fall down on the earth the first flowers begin to blossom

2. One can bathe in the Black Sea from June till October

3. Sochi is one of the most stretched cities

4. The dolmens – massive prehistoric concrete structures

5. The end of Russian-Turkish war has solved all the problems

6. A fortress was named Alexandria in honour of the princess Alexandra

7. Joseph Stalin loved Sochi

8. You can ski in Sochi

 

Task 3. Complete the sentences /Дополнить предложения

1. The golden autumn slowly…

2. All of them react with…

3. Small towns and cities Adler…

4. Each grave stone…

5. The fortress was destroyed….

6. The Sochi district becomes…

7. Sochi was a quickly developing port…

 

Task 4. Translate into English / Перевести на английский – найти эти слова в тексте

1. сезон

2. минеральный

3. история

4. места, представляющие интерес

5. гиганты

6. религия

7. назвать, получить имя

8. оккупировать, занимать

9. многонациональный

10. теннисный корт

 

Task 5. Translate into Russian (use vocabulary) / Перевести на русский, используя словарь после текста

1.cannon

2. anchor

3. camp

4. blossom

5. to weigh

5. due to

6. suburbs

7. attract

8. invaders

 

 

Task 6. Make the word combinations/ Составить выражения из слов