Урок-экскурсия "Достопримечательности Петрозаводска"

/data/files/p1585377885.ppt (презентация)Урок-экскурсия "Петрозаводск"

Автор: Титова Ольга Сергеевна

Класс: 11

Цели и задачи урока:

дать визуальное представление о некоторых достопримечательностях столицы Карелии;

ввести новый лексический материал и отработать его употребление в речи ;

развивать навыки говорения и поискового чтения ;

формировать социокультурную компетенцию через восприятие достопримечательностей Петрозаводска.

Оборудование: мультимедийный экран ,проектор, компьютер .

Учебные материалы: компьютерная презентация

Ход урока

1) Организационное начало урока.

- Good morning, students! I'm glad to see you.

- How are you?

- Where are you from, boys and girls?

- Have you ever been to Petrozavodsk, the capital of Karelia? Do you know what are the most famous sights of Petrozavodsk?

2) Сообщение темы урока, учебных целей и задач:

- Dear children, can you guess what is the theme of our lesson?

- Yes, the theme of our lesson is "The sights of Petrozavodsk"

- Welcome to our excursion!

3) Введение нового лексического материала и его отработка.

Let's start our excursion . Look at the tour route. The first place we are going to visit is The Water Station. It is situated behind the monument to Peter I. It was built in 1975. It has a shape like a ship. This monument was reconstructed in 1968. The architect is Rozenfeld. The station started to work on May 1976. The Water station included: a waiting room, post-office and a restaurant. There were not any shops in it. The ships went in a short area.

The monument to Peter I

Peter I was interested in Karelia in connection with the Northern Russian-Swedish war (1700-1721), the goal of which was to gain exists to the Baltic Sea.

On the first stage of the war the territory of Karelia was used as a spring-board for attack. Peter I transported two war ships from the White Sea to the Onega Lake, and then through the river Svir to the Ladoga Lake (“the Sovereign road”). It was necessary to seize the Notebourg fortress. It was the first visit of Peter I to Karelia. He had estimated Karelian resourses and then used them in his further plans.

Lots of shipyards were founded on the territory of Karelia. To provide them with cast iron and navy armament the Petrovsky Olonetsky plants were founded, the main plant was Petrovsky cannon and cast iron plant (founded in 1703 in the mouth of Lososinka River).

In 1777 Petrovskaya settlement was given the privilege of a town and a name Petrozavodsk.

On May 30, 1782 to honour the bicentenary of Peter I birthday the monument to him was founded on the Circle Square of the town. On 29 June, 1873 the monument was unveiled. It was the statue of Peter I, cast of bronze in St. Petersburg according to the sculpture Shreder’s design. Peter I is presented as a 30-years old man (he was 30 years old at the beginning of the Northern war). He is wearing a war outfit; there is an Andreevskaya star on his chest, which was the highest award in Russia that time. Peter I is keeping a role in his left hand, and his right hand is pointing on the mouth of Lososinka River, where the Petrovsky Olonetsky plant was founded. The pedestal of the monument (Monigetti’s project) was made of serdobol granite by Barinov. It is like an emperor’s crown and there is an inscription on the pedestal:

“In honour of the emperor (Peter I) the founder of Petrozavodsk (1703) 1672 – 1872”.

1703 – the year of the foundation of Petrozavodsk, 1672 – Peter I birthday, 1872 - the bicentenary of Peter I birthday and the century of foundation of Alexandrovsky plant.

In 1978 when the city was 75 years old, the monument was transferred into the Onega embankment, where it is still located. This monument is considered as one of the best monuments to Peter I.

The Summer Park

Lots of years ago a two-storied wooden palace was built there for the tsar (1703). During his first visits of the Petrovsky cannon foundry Peter I began to plant the first trees of the future Birch grove around the palace. In this tiny complex (width of the garden was about 100 m, its length was less than 200 m) we find all elements of a "French" park. First of all it is the central widest avenue of the park which begins from a small pond directly ahead of the central projection of the palace and it is finished by the prospect of Onega Lake. The birches were planted linearly on both sides of the avenue. So the park was called the Birch grove. It was the first park in our city. But the park was greatly damaged by the storm which fell on the town on June 5, 1803. 73 trees of Peter's time were tumbled down.

Alexander I visit to our city in 1819 became the turning point in the history of the Petrovsky garden. The local authorities put the Petrovsky garden in the order after Alexander I visit. They ordered to cast Peter I bust and to establish it in the Petrovsky garden on the stone where, according to legends, there was an altar of the church of Peter I. In the same year above this monument wooden Gothic pavilion was constructed, which existed till 1850. After establishment of the Soviet authority in Petrozavodsk Peter's bust was removed to the Marcial Waters.

In 1885 on the means donated by private persons significant works on putting the public garden in order were accomplished. The pond was cleared of dust and garbage, slopes of the pond were imposed with cobble stones, and the bottom was stacked with stones and plugged with fine rubbles. In front of the pond the big platform surrounded with a hawthorn was arranged. Avenues were put in order. More than 200 birches, lindens, maples, mountain ashes and fur-trees were planted. Under instructions of the governor Grigoriev columns with inscriptions were made to indicate the places of former location of Peter's church and palace.

The great contribution to development of the public garden was still brought by private persons. Merchant Ivanovsky established a roundabout there in 1891. In 1900 the merchant G.E. Pimenov constructed a dancing pavilion with a parquet floor there, and around of the garden the fence was renewed.

By 1930 the territory of the city park was expanded including the sites of Peter's and Paul's and Resurrection cathedrals burned down in 1924, and also the former Nickolai's shelter. Former Petrovsky garden was gradually increasing and began to be referred to as the Recreation Park. Recreation parks combine functions of walking, exposition, sports, entertaining.

During the Great Patriotic War the park has suffered greatly: the significant part of trees was cut down, flower beds and park constructions were destroyed. In the post-war years the great attention was paid to putting of the Recreation Park in order. Many Karelian architects took part in designing and construction of park pavilions, constructions and attractions.

Now there's almost no flower decoration in the park. All zones of recreation are crossed with the set of tracks testifying to absence of purposeful planning actions.

We continue our trip around the town. Now we are passing through one of the oldest squares of Petrozavodsk - Kirov square. This square has rather interesting history. It used to be called Cathedral Square. There were three cathedrals: St. Peter and Paul’s, of Resurrection and of the Holy Spirit. In the middle of the square sat the monument to tsar Alexander II. One of the churches (St. Peter and Paul’s cathedral) was `cold` (without heating) and had 3 altars. It was round church with 4 banisters around it and with mica windows. The cathedral was made of wood. Another church (the cathedral of the Holy Spirit) was warm (with heating). The temple resembled the Moscow cathedral of Christ the Savior. It looked like `a four-end cross in foundation and 26 sazhen in height. ` The constraction of the temple was started on April 27? 1860.

In 1790 `the Petrozavodsk community wished to build a new stone church of 3 altars instead of the old wooden warm church because of its decay. The construction was mainly funded by citizen’s donations. It was finished in 1800. Near these buildings the market centre- Gostinnyi Yard was found.

After the Revolution (1917) Cathedral Square was renamed into Square of Liberty. In 1920 it was renamed into Square of Republic. After the war all cathedrals and the monument to Alexander 1 were pulled down and the square became lonely.

Nowadays there is a bronze monument to Sergey Kirov (a famous politician) in the center of the square. It’s made from the pink granite. It was set here in 1936 and since this year the square has the name of Kirov.

The bronze statue is the work of Matvei Maniser, an Active Member of the Academy of Arts of the USSR. The red granite pedestal was executed according to the design of architect Lev Lluin.

Today Kirov square is the cultural centre of the city. Behind the monument to Kirov you can see the edifice of the Russian Drama and Music theatre. It was built in 1955 in the style of classicism by the project of Savva Brodsry. In the theatre can seat up to 800 people.The National theatre is located on the opposite side to the Russian Drama and Music theatre. In 1965 the building was reconstructed according to the plan of architect S. Brodsky. All plays are performed in 2 languages: Karelian and Finish. There is also a simultaneous translation so that who’s who don’t either of 2 languages could understand the play.

The Puppet Theatre was established in 1935. It has a united front with the edifice of the National Theatre.

2- storied edifice is located opposite to the Kirov monument. It was built in 1789 and there was a male gymnasium. In 1960 this edifice was brought to the Museum of Fine Arts. There are more than 5 halls in this museum. For example, the hall of ancient painting of Karelia, the hall of National Arts and so on. There are over 10 thousand exhibits of painting, graphic arts, sculpture in it.

To the right from this building was a female gymnasium. Now this edifice belongs to the Karelian song-and dance ensemble `Kantele`. The year of a birth of this ensemble is 1936.

The Memorial Plaque

Continuing along Marx Prospect, you will come to a memorial plaque on the facade of the house near Lenin Square. The inscription on it informs us that this is where the house of the first governor of Olonets, the famous Russian poet G.R. Derzhavin, stood on the former Nagornaya line. Derzhavin lived there since 1784 till 1785. during the WWII the house was destroyed.

Lenin Square

Lenin Square is the oldest square in Petrozavodsk (232 years old). The idea to build a round form square in the centre of the town was set out in the first town plan made in 1773. Firstly it was called as Round square or Circle. The edifices around the square were built in the style of the latest classicism according to the project of the architect E. Nazarov in 1775. They are the monuments of the stone architecture of the 18th century. In the left edifice there was the Governor’s house. In the wings there were the stores of salt and provisions. There were also the Directorate of Olonets district, the Plant management, the workplaces and the judicial institutions in these edifices at that time. In 1873 the Museum of Regional History and Culture was opened there.

The square has changed a lot of names. In 1873 the monument to Peter I was placed on the square and it was renamed to Petrovskaya. In the Soviet times the bronze monument to Peter I was replaced with the granite construction of the Lenin monument. The name of the square was changed.

At present time the left part of the building is occupied by the Museum of Regional History and Culture. The right part of the building hosts the Ministry of Culture of Karelia.

In the centre of the square there is the monument to Vladimir Lenin which was unveiled on 7 November, 1933. It is made of the Karelian grey granite according to M. G. Manizer’s project. The monument consists of 14 granite blocks, their weight is more than 140 ton and the height of the monument is 11 meters. The monument to Lenin was built on the donations of ordinary people; the Kremlin also gave 300.000 rubles.

The memorial complex of the grave of the Unknown Soldier with Eternal Flame on its top was opened in 1969. The memorial was made of the Karelian stone – granite, gabbro-diabase and shokshinsky crimson quartzite. On June 28, 1969, on the day of the 25-year anniversary of the liberation of Petrozavodsk from the Finnish troops, a flame of Eternal Glory was burnt on the grave of the Unknown Soldier. This Flame was conveyed from the Mars field. By tradition the residents of Petrozavodsk come here on the Victory Day and lay the flowers on the Grave.

«YOUR NAME IS UNKNOWN,

YOUR FEAT IS IMMORTAL»

is written in bronze on the highly polished slab of dark quartzite.

On the right there is a massive block of grey granite, on the face of which the following text is chiseled:

“THE MEMORIAL HAS BEEN ERECTED

TO THE HEROES,

THE SONS OF THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION,

WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES

FOR THE HAPPINESS OF THE PEOPLE”.

To the left is the common grave of those who fell in the Civil War and WWII, as well as the graves of the prominent Party and Government figures of the Karelian ASSR. The designers of the memorial complex are Eduard Andreev, Ernest Voskresensky, Ludvig Davidian and Eduard Akulov.

The Governor Garden

3 centuries ago there was just the governor’s kitchen-garden on this place. The governor’s house was situated near the territory of the garden. It was a two-storied wooden house. On the first floor there was a beautiful dance hall, which had the entrance to the garden.

Serious works in the park were done during the Muravyev’s government. He had good knowledge in the architecture and building. To his project the garden was made in the English style; some types of trees were planted there. The Governor garden started its live and by 1913 it had 4 main parts:

a central part with a greenhouse in it;

a terrace for a rest;

a part of the land for a gardener’s house;

a place for walking.

But the garden wasn’t open for several years. It was usually closed for visitors. Only on holidays workers of the foundry could attend the garden. Later it was renamed to the “Pioneers’ park”. In 1930 it had a summer cinema, a dance hall, sport grounds and a theatre.

When you enter the garden, you can see the cannons of the Petrovsky cannon foundry to the left of you. Don’t be surprised that all of them are defected: these are the specimens that exploded during the tests. Among other exhibition items of the Museum of Regional History and Culture you can also see the first Russian railway made in 1788.

Nowadays the Governor’s park has 42 kinds of plants: 15 trees, 27 bushes. It was reconstructed in 2003 and now it’s a lovely place for relaxing and walking.

The central part of the garden is occupied by the monument to G.R. Derzhavin, the first Olonets governor. The monument was opened to the public in 2003, during the 300-year anniversary of Petrozavodsk. Since 1784 till1785 Derzhavin, a famous Russian poet, was the first governor of Oloniya. In 1785 he traveled on an inspection trip across Karelia. In 1791, after that, he wrote an ode “Waterfall” devoted to the Kivach waterfall.

The Severnaya hotel

The Severnaya hotel is visible from afar thanks to its location and color spectrum. It situated in the centre of Petrozavodsk. The hotel was built before the WWII according to the original project of the architect K. Gutin. It is popular among tourists. The hotel can offer: 180 rooms (all rooms are equipped with telephones, TV sets), 7 luxurious rooms, a hair dressing room, a clothes repairing atelier, a currency exchange, a restaurant, etc. The conference hall can host about 30 men. You can rent it for conferences and different seminars.

On the other side of the Lenin Avenue there are wooden houses which are in color harmony with the hotel edifice as well. These houses were built in the 1930s by the Finnish and Canadian architects.

The Railway Station.

Every town has its own symbols. They can be buildings, monuments. The Railway station is one of the symbols of Petrozavodsk.

At the beginning of the century the station was situated on the territory of Pervomaysky prospect, for two kilometers from the centre of the town. It was decided to move the building of the Railway station in 1946. And it was built in 1955. The architect of the building is V. Cipulin.

The building has got an unusual facade. There is a big long spire on the roof. But not many people know that it could be no spire there, because it was an epoch of Nicita Xruchev’s government. Politicians were against unusual and unnecessary things. And they do everything to destroy them. The spire was among such things. But fortunately, the spire had been made earlier, so in finally it was established.

In front of the station there is a semicircle square. It has got a name of the first cosmonaut Y. Gagarin. There are many shops and the telegraph office round the square.

The first train went to Leningrad in 1955 and the first passengers came to Petrozavodsk from Murmansk that day. The blue firs which grow on the platform have their own history too. They are the business card of the town. The firs were brought from Kaliningrad in 1963.

Many years went, but the Railway station is still the gates of the Petrozavodsk. It’s also one of the most important sights of Karelia. More than 1300 passengers go through the station every day. More than 1200 people work here. They provide comfort and safety for the passengers. There are ticket offices, a bar, a waiting room, a restaurant and phones in The Railway station.

Petrozavodsk State University

Petrozavodsk State University was established in 1940. It was based on the Karelian State Pedagogical University and had only four faculties that time. Today Petrozavodsk State University is the main cultural, educational and scientific centre among universities on the European north of Russia. At present time it has 16 faculties and nearly 7000 students study here. The library of the university is the largest one in Karelia. Over 25000 people use this library. Students of this university balance their study with an active social life. The Academic Choir of students has won the national and international awards at Students Choir Festival of the country. Many students attend the Folk Theatre of the university, theatre studios and various clubs.

Petrozavodsk State University maintains friendly relations with the institutions of Finland, the USA, Sweden, the UK, Canada, Poland, and Germany. Annually over 15 international academic conferences are held on the bases of the university.

Opposite the university there is a fountain. About 20 fountains decorate the streets of the city. The most popular fountain of Petrozavodsk is the fountain in Student's Avenue that was built by the architect E. Taev on June 29, 1996. The fountain is made of the Karelian granite and it consists of several jets and a huge ball. Every day a lot of people spend their free time there. The students call the fountain as "Vasiliev’s slope" in honour of the rector of the State University V. Vasiliev.

Petrozavodsk is one of the biggest centers of science and education in the North - West region of Russia.

There are 2 universities, some branches of Moscow universities and a conservatory in Petrozavodsk. The Karelian State Pedagogical University was opened in 1931. It was the first university in Karelia. There was only one faculty of Math and Physics. Only 48 students studied there.

Nowadays there are 8 faculties: department of language and literature, department of foreign language, department of psychology, department of physical trainings, department of methodology and so on. Over 3500 students study there. This university has 4 buildings, 2 comfortable hostels, 2 countryside buildings for studying.

There is a theatre, sports teams, a KVN team and others. This university has summer courses for those who want to enter the university. In different times a lot of famous scientists worked there. Many graduators of the university became famous scientists of our country. There is the Exe-Minister of Education of Karelia G.A. Razbivnaya, L.N.Savinov, and A.N.Trofimov among them.

This university teaches students from different towns, villages, schools, and gymnasiums.

In Petrozavodsk State Conservatoire 500 people are trained and 140 teachers work there. The Petrozavodsk State conservatoire has friendly relations with national chorus of village Sholtozero.

In Petrozavodsk there are also 8 professional colleges such as medical, pedagogical, transport colleges and others, 2 professional lyceums, and 4000 pupils are trained there. They study a lot of new professional disciplines such as the right, management, economy. There are nearly 50 schools in Petrozavodsk (41 comprehensive schools, 3 grammar schools, 5 Lyceums, 1 school of arts, 3 boarding schools). Karelian and Finnish languages are studied in many schools.

The first school in Petrozavodsk was opened in 1782 and the first gymnasium for men was opened in 1808.

There are also many establishments of specific additional education in our town. The leader is The House of creativity of children and youth, 7 sports schools, the national school of Elias Lenrot. The population of Petrozavodsk is over 280000 people. And 80000 of them are pupils and students.

Sovetskaya Square

The Square is located between Lenin Avenue and Eremeeva near The embankment of Onego lake. It was named Sovetskaya Square in 1981. There were a lot of wooden buildings on this place 33 years ago .

The Monument to Otto Kuusinen

A granite monument to Otto Kuusinen is located on the square and it faces Onego Lake. Otto Kuusinen is a famous politician (1881-1964). He was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Finland from 1904 to 1918. He was the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Karelo-Finnish SSR and Vice-Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1940.

Otto Kuusinen was an academician and one of the best-known translator of the national folk epic of Kalevala and Finland. He translated some of the runes of the epic and published them in Finland.

The authors of the monument are the sculptor Boris Dyushev and the architector Alexander Zavarzin. It was placed in the centre of the square in 1973.

The four-storied building behind the monument was built in 1980. This is an edifice of Petrozavodsk Administration. There are 3 flags on its roof: the Russian flag, the Karelian flag and the town one. Red, blue and green are the colors of the Karelian flag. These 3 colors mean sun, water and timber recourses of Karelia.

4) Подведение итогов урока. Домашнее задание.

Today you've learned a lot of interesting information about Petrozavodsk.

Write down your homework: Write a postcard to your English pen-friend from Petrozavodsk.Тell what kind of city it is and if you like it.